Frederick Herzberg came up with his finding

Frederick Herzberg came up with his findings on satisfaction, which he published in his book â€Å"The Motivation to Work,† in 1959 (NetMBA [no date]). He conducted series of interviews where â€Å"employees were asked what pleased and displeased them about their work† (NetMBA [no date]). After analyzing the gathered data, he came up with the six top factors in the work environment that cause dissatisfaction, or the hygiene factors, and the top six factors that cause satisfaction, or the motivation factors.When the following factors are absent, there is dissatisfaction: (a) Company policy, (b) Supervision, (c) Relationship with Boss, (d) Work Conditions, (e) Salary, and (f) Relationship with peers (NetMBA [no date]). However, it is to be noted that the presence or maintenance of these factors does not necessarily mean satisfaction but would only mean that there is no dissatisfaction (NetMBA [no date]). If supervision will be maintained at the minimum level, it does not necessarily mean that the employee will gain satisfaction in his job. Furthermore, it could be noticed that these factors are external to the job itself and to the worker. These are things which are dependent on a lot of other things aside from the worker and the job.The factors that lead to satisfaction are as follows: (a) Achievement, (b) Recognition, (c) Work itself, (d) Responsibility, (e) Advancement, and (f) Growth (NetMBA [no date]). Similar to the factors that lead to dissatisfaction, the absence of one of these six factors does not necessarily lead to dissatisfaction but would only mean that there is no satisfaction felt.It is to be noted that Herzberg does not meant these two sets of factors to be of the opposite poles but he meant it to live on two different sticks. It is best to make an illustration of this for better understanding.Here, it is easy to pinpoint what happens when the two set of factors are present and absent or maintained and not maintained. Reading the se cond column downwards, motivating factors bring satisfaction when these are present. With their absence, no satisfaction is felt but this does not necessarily mean that the employee is dissatisfied. On the third column, when the hygiene factors are not maintained to a desired level or are absent, this leads to dissatisfaction. Their presence or maintenance, on the other hand, would bring no dissatisfaction but does not necessarily mean that satisfaction is achieved.Somehow, it gives much sense that this theory provides certain implications for management of human resources. This theory pinpoints how the level of confidence or satisfaction of employees can be boosted or how their morale, for that matter, can be placed at a higher level. The human resources manager, aided with this theory, may at the very least, be able to identify soft spots where improvements could be made for the employees to feel satisfied with their jobs.The sets of factors mentioned above could be a starting poi nt for bringing in satisfaction and for boosting the morale of the employees. More specifically, the manager could concentrate on addressing the hygiene factors and keeping it at a level that leaves no dissatisfaction for the employees and raising up the motivation factors to bring in satisfaction. This way, it could also be a precursor for higher levels of morale for the employees.Further, Herzberg did not leave the study without strategies for bringing in the much-desired satisfaction for employees. One of his suggestions was job enlargement for employees. Job enlargement, in human resource management, may be taken as the horizontal expansion of a certain job. For example, a secretary who has the job duties of answering phone calls and making appointments to clients may be given a new task of organizing the incoming and outgoing files. Giving more tasks of the same nature and would fit the job title would fall under the category of job enlargement. It is like adding more chocolate to the chocolate. This is not the same as job enrichment, which is adding the almonds and fruits to the chocolate.To this, the technique that leads to job satisfaction can be identified and is through the combination of high hygiene and high motivation (Anon. [no date]). This means eliminating the causes of dissatisfaction to a point where there is â€Å"no dissatisfaction† felt by the employees (Anon. [no date]). Subsequently, the company can inject the motivation factors to lead the people to become highly-motivated employees (Anon. [no date]).The two-factor theory of job satisfaction may have took off from and have similarities with the Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow as it also pertains to (a) physiological, (b) security and safety, (c) love and feelings of belonging, (d) competence, prestige, and esteem, (e) self-fulfillment, and (f) curiosity and the need to understand (Anon. 2005).This theory does not escape the criticisms because there are loopholes or gaps that are left unfilled. This theory does not take into consideration the fact that people may not consider the same set of hygiene and motivation factors because they might have different needs and achievements. Moreover, it does not take into consideration the nature of corporations because the motivation factors can not be introduced such as the call centers where the hierarchy is vey flat and job enlargement is not very much possible because of the high division of labor.ReferencesAnonymous. (no date). Two Factor Theory – Herzberg, Frederick. Available from: http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_herzberg_two_factor_theory.html [Accessed 29 December 2007].Anonymous. 2005. Motivation. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. [Accessed 29 December 2007].NetMBA. (no date). Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Two Factor Theory). Available from: http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/herzberg/ [Accessed: 29 December 2007].

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William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116 found on page 1182 of The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume1B: The Sixteenth Century, The Early Seventeenth Centry, 2nd edition(New York: W. W. Nortion, 2000) is one of his most famous sonnets to conquer the subject of love. While there is much debate concerning the tone of this sonnet, Shakespeare’s words speak of transcendent love not very commonly considered in popular poetry at the time. He used the Petrarchan sonnet style in Old English popular around the time but certainly added a new twist of his own genius.In theme Shakespeare had unique perceptions and experiences in his portrayal of love. The introduction of a young boy as the object of his affections and subject of sonnets 1-126 was perhaps not a common subject for other poets. Sonnet 116 falls into the section of sonnets of the boy, yet it does not quite fit the mold of the rest of his sonnets. In the sequence the surrounding, the sonnets highlight loves’ more deceptive qualities such as unfaithfulness and betrayal. The fallibility and physical matters pertaining to love are no longer considered in Sonnet 116, and a truer sort of transcendent and unconditional love emerges.Unlike the popularized Petrarchan form of an octet followed by a sestet, Shakespeare’s 14 line sonnets are divided into three Sicilian quatrains and a couplet. The quatrains develop the metaphor and a couplet at the end that becomes a commentary. The masculine rhyme scheme follows the pattern ababcdcdefefgg and the meter is in the traditional iambic pentameter (10 syllables per line). The ideas flow and create a sense of urgency in this piece as phrasing does no clearly begin and end with each line.The idea in first line that flows right into the next and there is a fluttering of accents. This creates a rapid delivery of words carried by the iambic feet. There is repetition in the alliteration with words such as â€Å"alters† and â€Å"alterationâ₠¬  or â€Å"remover† and â€Å"remove†. This also adds to the poems sense of flow and purposefulness. Each quatrain begins a new metaphor and the images are also strengthened in the following quatrains. The more dramatic volta of the sonnet begins with the final two lines with commentary that in this case does bring us to an ultimate conclusion.Much is said in this sonnet using somewhat simple rather than flattering diction and most of the words are monosyllables. The sonnet opens speaking of true love between two people. The Imagery begins with the marriage alter itself. This creates a very Christian vision of man and wife. The love spoken of is â€Å"of true minds† and therefore a spiritual partnership rather than physical union. In the second line with â€Å"admit impediments† he calls to mind the words used in the Marriage ceremony from The Book of Common Prayer.The mention of the word â€Å"alter† twice in the second line strengthens this ima ge as well. The â€Å"marriage of true minds† becomes the subject which can be interpreted in differing ways leaving us with a somewhat vague impression. True love itself becomes without â€Å"impediments† and is free and clear of the need for any â€Å"alterations†. This idea of love’s constancy and reliability is continued in the following quatrain with the images of love as a lighthouse, â€Å"ever-fixed mark† and guiding â€Å"star to every wandring bark†.The images of time, death and the compass speak of a constancy and reliability that love shall outlast. Shakespeare’s frequent references to time in his sonnets tend to bring careful consideration death and the threat of time itself. In Sonnet 116 however love is not threatened by any such thing, as it â€Å"bears it out, even to the edge of doom† in line 14 just before the Volta. In the final quatrain imagery connected with time and death’s† bending sickleâ⠂¬ , which calculates as well with â€Å"his brief hours and weeks† though time still is not bound by such restraints.There is some irony in the mention of the possibility of the poem not existing with the open ended commentary â€Å"I have never writ† In the final couplet the existence of the poetry itself is called into question although the poet’s certainty of the truth of his words becomes evident creating a sense of irony and an open ended conclusion. Love itself is the subject of the metaphor in this quintessential sonnet, in particular unconditional eternal love. The emotional union of marriage and the love of God are in comparison here. Frequently in Sonnet 116 true love appears as what it can outlast and simply what it is not.The common trope of love as a guiding lighthouse or star is included in the second quatrain. We see a ship lost at sea, challenged by a tempest that it outlasts, as a metaphor for this undying and resilient love. Its image as an à ¢â‚¬Å"ever fixed mark† marks the common them of love’s reliability. This also is an account of love’s incalculable worth who’s â€Å"worth’s unknown although its’ height be taken†. Throughout the sonnet , images of calculations of things such as time space distance and worth are mentioned, yet love transcends all calculation. Love’s transcendent qualities rise above the metaphor’s hemselves making this a very powerful sonnet. The unconventional love spoken of can perhaps lend itself the subversive tone in Sonnet 116. Opening with â€Å" Let me not to the marriage of true minds† could take on a very different meaning without immediate continuation to the next line â€Å"admit impediments. † It could perhaps also mean â€Å" let me not† to this Christian ideal of marriage . This possibility creates a questionable tone. Which makes sense, when we consider how the love Shakespeare was speaking of, did not fit into the Elizabethan concept of what was acceptable.The use of â€Å"Oh no! † in line 3 as an exclamation, following the mention of admitting â€Å"impediments† suggest his forcefulness in defending his ideas of love of, perhaps as well as his love of the boy which would itself be an impediment. The rejection of this type of love in Elizabethan times gives the poet the chance to speak of the nature of love itself as transcendent and eternal. The love that extends itself beyond these sorts of physical matters is not without its challenges. This gloomy tone expressed the sometimes cold language.The feelings evoked by the threats of â€Å"tempests† and â€Å"the edge of doom† (judgment day) and all the â€Å"alterations† of time does not allow the idea of desperation to totally subside. A somewhat distant and unpleasant tone comes even from the comparison of love to a star. It becomes a remote image, somewhat self-contained who’s true â₠¬Å"worth’s unknown†. The fact that love cannot be comprehended however does not diminish its powers. There is irony in the final commentary as well. The improbability of error in Shakespeare’s poetry is proven by the existence of the poetry itself. Yet this is still left up to question.The possibility also exists that â€Å"no man ever loved† in the this way as well. In this way the poem becomes a subject of metaphor just as love itself. The somewhat subversive tone is carried out through conclusion. Sonnet 116 goes beyond the Petrarchan dilemma of unrequited passionate love and considers the possibility of true loves eternal nature. It also goes beyond conventional as a poem concerning the sacrament of marriage and the love of god while being directed to a young man. Although it utilizes common tropes and simple language his unique passion and cleverness developed a fresh perspective.His use of phrasing an punctuation creates a dramatic tone of voice. His concern with what love is not becomes definition by restraint. Irony is layered throughout. The images and metaphors weave a tight tapestry and fluttering accents and alliteration and run-ons create a lyrical expressiveness. Shakespeare quite flawlessly recreates this revolutionary idea of love in the form of a sonnet. Its wide popularity may be a testament to nature of its form. Sources The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume1B: The Sixteenth Century, The Early Seventeenth Centry, 2nd edition(New York: W. W. Nortion, 2000)

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â€Å"Most would agree that trait represents a disposition to behave expressing itself in consistent patterns of functioning across a range of situations† (Pervin, 1994). Many things play into the traits that we end up with as adults. These traits have a profound effect on how we interact with groups. Difficulty can always be found when a group is attempting to work together due to variances in personality traits. The key to working together as a group is to understand the differences and similarities that each group member possesses in order to reach the wanted outcome of the group. According to the personality assessments based on the Big Five taken by Team B the similarities in common are vast and the differences are minimal so working together should be easy. As the tests suggest, the team members are mostly agreeable and dependable so when a plan for action is reached then the team will fall in line to handle what needs to be done in order to reach the agreed upon goal. Even though the Big Five can be looked at as limiting the personality to only a five dimensional plane, the basis of the dimensions that are there can tell about the personality of individuals. â€Å"Just as stereotypes bias our perceptions of an out-group, implicit personality theories may bias our perceptions of others† (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). In Team B there seems to be no evidence that there would be limitations to achieving their goals.

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Why is there a demand for maritime transport What is a maritime transport system and who are the actors in maritime transport business - Essay Example All business documents and transactions recorded require a carefully done analysis and accounting for appropriate recognition. This is especially so since the business can be affected by the global recession of yester years. A documented life history of the maritime business transaction needs to be evaluated. The design of the ship plays a critical role as part of an acquisition arrangement (Pallis, 2007). There are many objectives attained through sea trade. Issues of freight rates have to be determined in the maritime transport. The market return of this kind of transport must be determined. This ought to be achieved so that a critical cost benefit program can be instituted (Pallis, 2007). Sea mode of transport is common in many nations across the world. Bulk goods dominate this market. With the emergence of aviation, passengers are not common in the mode of transport. Its considerable advantage over the air is that it is a cheap mode of transport. It is used over the sea, canals, lakes and even across the river but it is slow compared to other modes hence it is not friendly to perishable goods (Force, 2006). The reliance on water has been directly unpractical for nations that are land locked. Being land locked means that the country connection to territorial waters is minimal. The European colonial powers were among the first nations to establish connections in the marine trade. This achievement dates back since 1450 AD with the opening up of the Atlantic, Pacific and the Indian Ocean that brought about the expansive sea trade. This brought about the element of voyages for discovery by that time. The trend has continued in a progressive way. This positive movement in the trend shows a realized economic gain because of this trade. A survey carried out in the year 2006 showed that 86% in terms of volume and 70.1% in terms of value of the global trade was water born. The capital outlay in the investment forms the greatest challenge with the maintenance cost

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Business ethics - Essay Example Business ethics Corporate responsibility entails two issues: doing the positive good to the community, and doing no harm or whatsoever to the community.This means that the corporations pay back to the community through participating in community beautification efforts and events, volunteering expertise, donating money to the worthy causes and being a responsible employer. On the other hand, doing no harm entails efforts of the business towards the environment in its production activities, transportation and disposal. Therefore, in order to best examine moral corporations and corporate responsibility for the environment let us start by considering issues of the environment we face (McLachlan, 2008). There is a wide possibility of developing a moral corporation; this requires looking closely at values and changing attitudes. This paper seeks to form a position for the development of a moral corporate culture and map out a specific plan for obtaining a moral corporation. Moral responsibility is the sta te of deserving moral praise, reward, blame, or punishment for an omission or act, with respect to moral obligations. Making decisions on whether or not something is obligatory morally is a concern of principles of ethics. Corporations with moral responsibility for actions are referred to as moral agents. Such corporations are able to reflect on their circumstances, make intentions concerning how they act, and finally do such actions. Developing a moral corporation is a free will issue whether or not corporations will be morally responsible for the actions they get involved in. The scholars’ debate over the attributes of moral responsibility in corporations has been going on for decades. The conformational approach to this argument is to determine the necessary conditions for moral corporations and plan for the development of moral corporations, and whether such conditions can be satisfied by corporations (McLachlan, 2008). The development of moral corporations needs to ensur e that the environment is duly protected. Environmental ethics iscomplicated in practice because of the numerous distinct perspectives that are involved. The development of moral corporations needs to encompass this ethics. In some situations it may be difficult for corporations to understand the environmentalists’ arguments on environmental ethics. Disagreements, hence, rise on plans for developing a moral corporation. It is obvious that corporations possess different viewpoints on ethics of the environment. It is, however, possible for corporations put their different options aside for the good of the environment and agree simply that some actions about the environment need to be done in order to make corporations morally upright. In order to develop a moral corporation, such corporations need to admit that protection of the environment is important, whether they are acting out of a sense of responsibility or out of a sense of self-preservation for the future generation, fo r to the Earth itself or to all the forms of life. Corporations need to adopt an environmental pragmatism. This ensures that moral corporations are developed and maintained; that the corporations can achieve a consensus on the values of the environment that identify and determine the policies of the environment that all other corporations can agree on (McLachlan, 2008). When thinking of moral corporations, a plethora of questions rise: if the consumerism was predated by an ethical community, then how did consumerism supersede the morals of business practitioners? How does it

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Bluechester City Council v Doncaster Wagons Ltd Case Study

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Edgar Allan Poe and Suspense in Poe and Jackson Term Paper

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The affect of in circle group on turnover intention in Saudi Arabia Business - Research Proposal Example The private sector therefore needs to evolve effective mechanisms of reducing high turnover of Saudi nationals by exploiting the various perspectives of guanxi, the Chinese relationship-building phenomenon within the LMX approach. Globalization has significantly changed the dynamics of social structure and provided businesses with socio-cultural diversity that is indeed diverse in its application of ideas, ideologies and competencies across people coming from different race, culture, color and nationality. As such the role of HRM is crucial in creating a diverse workforce whose competencies are judiciously exploited for increasing organizational productivity (Gillham, Wood & Somerville, 2007). In the transforming societal norms, the managerial leadership has emerged as vital issue that significantly influences the employees’ turnover and performance. As such, investigating the role of leadership in predicting employees’ behavior and workplace commitment becomes an important issue for studying its impact on employees’ turnover (Gilly et al., 2009). The research would therefore investigate the impact of in-circle group on employees’ turnover using guanxi as independent variable in LM X approach within the industries/ business of the private sector in Saudi Arabia. In the current environment of highly volatile market conditions and rapid globalization, the organizational change is unavoidable and necessitates changes in the organizational structure, policies and operations (Kotter & Schlesinger, 2008; Hodgson, 2009). The workforce becomes critical ingredient in the organizational change processes as they are the key facilitators for implementing these changes for higher performance outcome (George & Jones, 2005). The on-going relationship between the managerial leadership and the workforce becomes the major stimulant of mutual exchange that encourages workers to adopt changes to meet new challenges (Lee, 2008). Consequently, the role

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Management Accounting and Financial Accounting Essay The differences between management accounting and financial accounting include:[1] 1. Management accounting provides information to people within an organization while financial accounting is mainly for those outside it, such as shareholders 2. Financial accounting is required by law while management accounting is not. Specific standards and formats may be required for statutory accounts such as in the I.A.S International Accounting Standard within Europe. 3. Financial accounting covers the entire organization while management accounting may be concerned with particular products or cost centres. Managerial accounting is used primarily by those within a company or organization. Reports can be generated for any period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly. Reports are considered to be future looking and have forecasting value to those within the company. Financial accounting is used primarily by those outside of a company or organization. Financial reports are usually created for a set period of time, such as a fiscal year or period. Financial reports are historically factual and have predictive value to those who wish to make financial decisions or investments in a company. Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Such reports may include: * Sales Forecasting reports * Budget analysis and comparative analysis * Feasibility studies * Merger and consolidation reports Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports, including the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Reports of this nature can be accessed by internal and external users such as the shareholders, the banks and the creditors.

Worldview Assignment Essay Example for Free

Worldview Assignment Essay Every day is a gift and one we should never take for granted. The way we perceive the world around us takes critical thinking and a strong and faithful framework to help guide us through life. The world we live in gets harder and harder and moral responsibility is constantly being challenged. Having a worldview based on structure and faith is crucial to one’s everyday life. In their book, Consider, Dr. Lew Weider and Dr. Ben Gutierrez explain that a worldview is a person’s philosophy of life, a framework a person brings to decision-making, and a filter or lens which a person uses to interpret life and the world around them. Every one person has a worldview. This can be molded by people who surround us from the time we are born to adults. There are multiple groups of people from different cultural and religious backgrounds craving your attention in hopes to share their worldview with you and persuade you. You have to fully desire to understand the teachings of the Bible and be able to spread the gospel starting from the beginning to end. Everything has an origin from which it is created. Having a Christian Worldview I know there is only creator and that is God. I can remember my worldview being shaped as early as three years old. I remember the days of my youth going to church with my family like it was yesterday. From a biblical worldview you can find truth and meaning in the scriptures Genesis 1:1 and Psalm 139:13-26. We know God created the world because our faith and trust start within him. In the Bible, Psalm 8:5 and Genesis 2:15 give identity to mankind. We are strong-willed and viewed as caregivers. We are to nurture all other creatures and the earth around us. In John 17:3 and John 17:20-23 our purpose is the interconnection we have with God. He is the reason we have aligned our life with a Christian framework and one day will be with him in Heaven. In their book, Consider, Dr. Lew Weider and Dr. Ben Gutierrez reveal that Theists answer the questions of morality and ethics primarily through Special Revelation. We have read through scriptures that God loves us all and knows that not one human being is perfect. God knows that only he is righteous and we are given the path to become one with him. Such examples of human nature are found in Psalm 51:5 and Ephesians 2:8-10. The path one human chooses will determine their destiny. In Revelation 21:1-7 and 20:11-15 you will find there is only two ending places in which you will spend eternity. With our faith and our love and commitment we possess as Christians we know our eternity rest within the Heavens above. It is an obligation we have to God to follow his guidance and have comfort in knowing that he knows us better than anyone and one day we will join him. I try hard every day to view the world with an open heart and clean slate. It’s hard not to dwell on events that have happened that was tough, but you have to forgive and forget. I know that I am very blessed. God has given this life and we should open ourselves to love and faith. I see hundreds of people throughout my week and I try to greet them with a smile and a â€Å"Hello†. We need to see the good in people and think of how God would want us to treat each other. If you were having a rough day maybe that one positive experience will uplift you and put you in a better place. Some people live a hard life, some by choice and some by unfortunate circumstances. I’ve always wanted to help heal the people that are sick and need medical attention. It’s been my calling since I was a little girl. I just wanted to help people and I know that God led me down the right path. Currently, I work as a Respiratory Therapist and I come into contact with a lot of ill people. I try my hardest to serve them in a way that I can change their outcome and improve their health. I feel positive and rewarded with the career path I have chosen and I know I am here for a reason. We should take each day as a blessing and strive to be the best person we know how to be. I know these things because my Christian Worldview has put everything into perspective for me. I know what I need to do. I want to help and I want to make a difference in the world. It all starts with believing and God will lead you the rest of the way.

The Main Features Of An Oligopoly

The Main Features Of An Oligopoly This part of the coursework aims to identify and explain the main economic features of an Oligopoly and also the key economic theories which influence the price of a product or service. This part deals with the theoretical aspects of Oligopoly and the later part emphasizes on the practical applications of the theories and oligopoly features. According to Pass et al (2000), Oligopoly, a type of market structure is characterised by a few firms and many buyers, where the bulk of market supply is in the control of relatively few large firms who in turn sell to many small buyers. To describe the degree of oligopoly, concentration ratio is often utilized. Concentration ratio is the measure of the market share of the largest four firms in the industry expressed as a percentage. A low concentration ratio suggests a high level of competition and vice versa for. As there are few players dominating the industry, each player or an oligopolist is said or likely to be aware of others course of actions. The decision taken by one player seems to affect the decision taken by others and strategic planning by the firms needs to take into account the likely response of other participants (Wikipedia, 2010). For example, a proper game of chess depends on how well you read your opponents moves, similarly in oligopoly; strategies are devised ba sed on the moves of competing market firms. The reason for existence oligopoly as stated by Maunder et al (1991) is for the achievement of economies of scale. Firms tend to reduce their average cost of production by increasing their scale of operation and since the small firms have higher average costs, they tend to go out of business or be absorbed by the larger ones. The features of oligopoly are:- Number of Firms:-The very important feature of an oligopoly is the number of firms. Even though there are a large number of firms operating in a particular industry, only a handful of firms hold the major share between them. Interdependence: A very distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. When a very few large firms operate in a particular industry, their activities or strategy cannot be independent of each other. Unlike monopoly, where the monopolist need not worry about the reaction of its rivals as there are none, an oligopolist takes into consideration the possible reactions of all rival firms. For example, a company considering a price reduction of its products may wish to estimate the chances of price reduction by the rival company and hence starting a price war. Profit Maximization Condition: The firms in an oligopoly generally agree to co-operate and act as one monopolist as it generates high profits (Begg and Ward 2007). This kind of formal collusive agreement is called a cartel. An oligopoly maximises profits where the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. This is also known as profit maximization condition. Price ELASTIC UNIT ELASTIC P MC, AC PROFIT MAXIMIZING OUTPUT O MR Quantity (Source: Begg and Ward 2007) Perfect Knowledge: Oligopolists are said to have a perfect knowledge about their cost and demand functions but a lesser information about other firms (Wikipedia, 2010). Entry Barrier: One of the main important features of oligopoly also is the entry barrier. There are high entry barriers that restrain a new firm from entering a market. For example, the barriers can be the economies of scale, access to expensive and complex technology, lower costs for an established firm, brand loyalty, patented production process and strategic action by incumbent firms etc. The table below gives the market concentration in different industries. tb_0901 tb_0903 As discussed earlier, the large few firms form a cartel and set a price. Once the members of the cartel agree on the price, they compete against each other using non price competition in order to gain the maximum revenue. There are other various ways in which the firms fix the price. One of them being tacit collusion, where the firms agree on a price set by an established leader. This is also known as dominant firm price leadership as the price setting firm is the dominant firm in the industry. The other way is the barometric firm price leadership, where the price leader is the one whose prices reflect the market conditions in the most stable form (Sloman et al, 2010). To fix prices, the producers must be able to control the market supply. The other forms of price fixing in tacit collusion is average cost pricing, where producers add a certain percentage of profit on top of average costs and price benchmarking, where firms raise the price only up to a benchmark already set. Price fixing is achieved by the competing firms coming together on a platform where they can agree on a common pricing and production strategy thus acting in a manner in which a monopoly operates. This kind of collusion is known as cartelisation. Cartels although banned in many countries, is difficult for the enforcement agencies to gather evidence and penalise the participants. The quantity for the cartel and the individual firm will not be the same as one firm individually will have the scope for further increase in productivity to achieve a situation where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. In such cases firms may decide to go ahead with excess supply which can le ad to a price war and inconsistent revenues to the industry. Even without overt collusion firms in an oligopoly are able to reach a point of profit maximisation when they behave in a manner reflected in Nash Equilibrium (Begg and Ward 2007). 2B) Direct to Home (DTH) television industry in India acting as an oligopoly. India has a total television population of about 135 million of which about 108 million have an access to cable and satellite television (Plugged in, 2010). The total DTH sub base at the end of first quarter in the year 2010 was 23 million (Dish TV India Ltd, 2010) which was about just 1 million in the year 2006. Indian DTH industry has seen a flurry of activities in the recent years after a monopolistic reign by Dish TV for a couple of years. It is currently in a state of Oligopoly with the top four operators controlling nearly 80% of the total market. The major players in the market are Dish TV by Zee group, TataSky- a joint venture by Tata and Star TV, Big TV by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Digital TV by Bharati Telemedia and SUN Direct from Sun TV. Since there are only 3 major players in the DTH market, Indian DTH industry is an oligopoly. (Indiadth, 2010) The product offering by the rival firms are more or less similar in nature with little or no product differentiation. Amongst all the players, Sun Direct has essentially remained a regional operator who made a late debut in the national scene. The content or the channels are same with all the operators barring few omissions and additions. The DTH industry market share is as follows. BRAND MARKET SHARE Dish TV 30% TataSky 22% Sun Direct 25% Big Tv 13% Airtel 8% D2H 2% (Source: http://www.pluggd.in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/) From the data above we can see that Dish TV, TataSky and Sun Direct together hold the maximum market share with over 75%. (Source: http://www.slideshare.net/) To confirm the oligopoly, we can use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index or the HHI. It measures the size of the firms in relation to the industry and also indicates the amount of competition between them. Mathematically, download (1) (Adapted from Pass et al, 2000) Here Si = market share of firm i in the market and N is the number of firms. Hence H = 302 + 222 + 252 + 132 + 82 + 22 H = 2246. With this value of H we can conclude that this industry is an oligopoly. Although there is no indication of an overt collusion in the industry, a closer look at their price plan (fig 1.1) can lead us to a strategic or tacit understanding between the players. The market is abuzz with marketing drives to garner market share and the customer is currently loaded with freebies like free installation, free channels and the like. Going by the level of investment and infrastructure the operators need to garner as much subscriber base as possible to be in a profitable proposition. They are however aware of the competition and are refraining from a price war. Such behaviour of the operators is characteristic of a non-price competition in Oligopoly. This is due to the interdependency of firms in the oligopoly and the strategic behaviour can also be referred to the Nash Equilibrium (Begg and Ward 2007). (Source: Slideshare.net/researchonIndia) Brand Name PricePlan(inINR)/month Dish TV 135.00 TataSky 150.00 Sun Direct 115.00 Videocon 136.00 Fig: 1.1 (Source: Company websites, 2010) Now as in any oligopoly, it has to be supported by entry barriers, both endogenous and exogenous. The natural barrier of entry in this particular industry is primarily associated with government licensing and also the intensity of capital investment required. Given that all the DTH operators are already established players in related sectors such as telecom, media it gives them a strategic advantage in terms of distribution and content. For any new entrant it could pose as a strategic entry barrier. Indian DTH market has constantly been attracting different players over the years given the increasing number of television subscribers. Although there have been entry barriers, companies like Videocon along with its cutting edge technology entered into the market in the presence of established players. The cutting edge technology proved to be a barrier breaker. Videocon managed to build television sets with set top boxes which helped it develop its own customer base.

Stephen King Essay -- Biography

Stephen King is known by many as a successful author, but every author is only as good as his or her works. King has produced various types of works such as short stories, novels, novellas, screenplays, and comics. His work has been the â€Å"most important bridge between the horror genre and literary respectability from the late 1960s and 1970s up to the present time† (Hoppenstand 3). Stephen Edwin King was born September 21, 1947 in Portland, Maine. He is the second son of Donald Edwin and Nellie Ruth King. When King was two years old, his father, a captain in the merchant marines, went out to buy a pack of cigarettes and never returned. Nellie, King’s mother, raised King and his adopted older brother David. The family under the care of Nellie experienced many hardships and moved often as she looked for work. The family lived in Maine, Massachusetts, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. When King was six years old, the family finally settled in Stratford, Connecticut (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). In 1958, when King was eleven years old, the family moved to Durham, Maine. This was where King discovered that he had something in common with his father. In the attic of his aunt and uncle’s garage he discovered an old trunk that contained a box of his father’s books, including some by horror writer H.P. Lovecraft, and some of his father’s attempts as writing short stories. King’s teachers reported that one of his greatest passions was writing stories of his own, which he started doing at age six (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). Stephen King’s life has influenced his works and served as an important source of inspiration, which is evident in his education and early writing experiences, his pseudonym Richard Bachman, and his near-fatal acc... ...hard Bachman, but it’s not true. I know him and I believe he lives in Connecticut†; â€Å" I am not Richard Bachman, I know who he is, and I can’t tell†; †Bachman is indeed a pen-name, for a superannuated hippie-type who lives in New Hampshire. I know who he is, and tell you with no qualms at all that he is authentically crazy† (Wood 148). King credits the name for his pseudonym to a book by Richard Matheson that was on his desk and Bachman-Turner Overdrive that was playing on the radio when his publisher called to ask what pseudonym he wanted to use (Wood 148). King has become familiar even to those who have not read any of his works. Although he tries to maintain a degree of privacy for himself and his family he does have a high public profile. King was in the news in 1999 when he was struck by a van while out for his daily walk and suffered near-fatal injuries. Stephen King Essay -- Biography Stephen King is known by many as a successful author, but every author is only as good as his or her works. King has produced various types of works such as short stories, novels, novellas, screenplays, and comics. His work has been the â€Å"most important bridge between the horror genre and literary respectability from the late 1960s and 1970s up to the present time† (Hoppenstand 3). Stephen Edwin King was born September 21, 1947 in Portland, Maine. He is the second son of Donald Edwin and Nellie Ruth King. When King was two years old, his father, a captain in the merchant marines, went out to buy a pack of cigarettes and never returned. Nellie, King’s mother, raised King and his adopted older brother David. The family under the care of Nellie experienced many hardships and moved often as she looked for work. The family lived in Maine, Massachusetts, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. When King was six years old, the family finally settled in Stratford, Connecticut (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). In 1958, when King was eleven years old, the family moved to Durham, Maine. This was where King discovered that he had something in common with his father. In the attic of his aunt and uncle’s garage he discovered an old trunk that contained a box of his father’s books, including some by horror writer H.P. Lovecraft, and some of his father’s attempts as writing short stories. King’s teachers reported that one of his greatest passions was writing stories of his own, which he started doing at age six (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). Stephen King’s life has influenced his works and served as an important source of inspiration, which is evident in his education and early writing experiences, his pseudonym Richard Bachman, and his near-fatal acc... ...hard Bachman, but it’s not true. I know him and I believe he lives in Connecticut†; â€Å" I am not Richard Bachman, I know who he is, and I can’t tell†; †Bachman is indeed a pen-name, for a superannuated hippie-type who lives in New Hampshire. I know who he is, and tell you with no qualms at all that he is authentically crazy† (Wood 148). King credits the name for his pseudonym to a book by Richard Matheson that was on his desk and Bachman-Turner Overdrive that was playing on the radio when his publisher called to ask what pseudonym he wanted to use (Wood 148). King has become familiar even to those who have not read any of his works. Although he tries to maintain a degree of privacy for himself and his family he does have a high public profile. King was in the news in 1999 when he was struck by a van while out for his daily walk and suffered near-fatal injuries.

Impact of Tone in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre: The Impact of the Tone The tone of Jane Eyre is direct, perhaps even blunt. There is no prissy little-girl sensibility, but a startlingly independent, even skeptical perspective. At the age of 10, the orphan Jane already sees through the hypocrisy of her self-righteous Christian elders. She tells her bullying Aunt Reed, "People think you a good woman, but you are bad; hard-hearted. You are deceitful!" and "I am glad you are no relative of mine; I will never call you aunt again so long as I live. I will never come to see you when I am grown up; and if any one asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say that the very thought of you makes me sick." (In fact, when her aunt is elderly and dying, Jane does return to visit her, and forgives her. But that's far in the future.) With the logic of a mature philosopher, in fact rather like Friedrich Nietzsche to come, Jane protests the basic admonitions of Christianity as a schoolgirl: "I must resist those who ... persist in disliking me; I must resis t those who punish me unjustly. It is as natural as that I should love those who show me affection, or submit to punishment when I feel that it is deserved." And this bold declaration, which would have struck readers of 1847 (in fact, of 1947) as radical and "infeminine": "Restlessness was in my nature; it agitated me to pain sometimes ... Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a constraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer." Instead, the novel begins with the seemingly disappointed statement: "There was no possibility of taking a walk that [rainy] day," and counters almost immediately with, "I was glad of it; I never liked long walks." When excluded from Christmas revelries in the Reed household, the child Jane says, "To speak the truth, I had not the least wish to go into company." Jane's defiance, which doesn't exclude childlike fears, strikes us as forthright in the way of the adolescent temperaments of other famous literary voices -- Jo March of Louisa May Alcott's "Little Women," Huck Finn, Holden Caulfield and their now-countless younger siblings. Impact of Tone in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays Jane Eyre: The Impact of the Tone The tone of Jane Eyre is direct, perhaps even blunt. There is no prissy little-girl sensibility, but a startlingly independent, even skeptical perspective. At the age of 10, the orphan Jane already sees through the hypocrisy of her self-righteous Christian elders. She tells her bullying Aunt Reed, "People think you a good woman, but you are bad; hard-hearted. You are deceitful!" and "I am glad you are no relative of mine; I will never call you aunt again so long as I live. I will never come to see you when I am grown up; and if any one asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say that the very thought of you makes me sick." (In fact, when her aunt is elderly and dying, Jane does return to visit her, and forgives her. But that's far in the future.) With the logic of a mature philosopher, in fact rather like Friedrich Nietzsche to come, Jane protests the basic admonitions of Christianity as a schoolgirl: "I must resist those who ... persist in disliking me; I must resis t those who punish me unjustly. It is as natural as that I should love those who show me affection, or submit to punishment when I feel that it is deserved." And this bold declaration, which would have struck readers of 1847 (in fact, of 1947) as radical and "infeminine": "Restlessness was in my nature; it agitated me to pain sometimes ... Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a constraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer." Instead, the novel begins with the seemingly disappointed statement: "There was no possibility of taking a walk that [rainy] day," and counters almost immediately with, "I was glad of it; I never liked long walks." When excluded from Christmas revelries in the Reed household, the child Jane says, "To speak the truth, I had not the least wish to go into company." Jane's defiance, which doesn't exclude childlike fears, strikes us as forthright in the way of the adolescent temperaments of other famous literary voices -- Jo March of Louisa May Alcott's "Little Women," Huck Finn, Holden Caulfield and their now-countless younger siblings.

How Napoleon Achieved and Maintained Power in George Orwells Animal Fa

How Napoleon Achieved and Maintained Power in George Orwell's Animal Farm Napoleon was a pig in more than one sense. Words that you associate with pigs are not often pleasant. ‘Pig’ referring to one who is greedy and has more than their fair share; ‘pig headed’ refers to one who is extremely stubborn and thinks they are always right; ‘the pigs’ refer to police, or other figures of authority. Napoleon became dictator of Animal Farm merely due to the fact that he was a pig, and had the simplest of leadership skills. He maintained that power by propaganda and running the farm in a fascist, totalitarian manner. Violence, propaganda and the general ignorance of the other farm animals were major roles in keeping Napoleon in power. Power naturally fell to the pigs not because they had earned it, or were the best for the job, but merely as a result of their social standing in the animal hierarchy. ‘‘The work of teaching and organizing the others fell naturally upon the pigs, which were generally recognised as being the cleverest of the animals’ (P.9). The pig, Old Major was considered the oldest and wisest animal on the farm. The other animals may have thought it natural for any other pig to be like him and follow his vision and ethics of Animalism. Whilst Napoleon assumed the role of leader of the revolution, he was only able to maintain this position because the other animals took it for granted that the decisions he made were the right ones. To maintain this position...

Print Media

Popular Culture and Print Media Print media is classified as anything that is in print and is also used to inform the public. The most prominent forms of print media are newspapers, books, magazines, direct mail, and yellow pages. Outdoor advertising like billboards and transit posters are different types of print media but are very effective in conveying the advertisement across. What one sees and reads has a big influence on what he or she says, how one says it, and his or her action. The influence print media has on people and communities have contributed to the change in popular American culture today. Print media is placed to catch everyone attention, it is everywhere one may look. People will find some form of print media strategically placed to catch onlooker’s attention. More than a communicative feature, print media has influenced American culture and consumerism over the years. Print media sets the trend on what is fashionable and what is out of fashion. More important, it serves as a significant factor to inspire and impede consumerism. By influencing one’s consciousness and perception, print media has formed society into what has become â€Å"American Culture† of today. The influence print media has can make one desire the thing he or she use to dislike, believe in principles he or she used to have an aversion to, and continually consume items in excess. Print media has been extending the knowledge of the news or chronicles across the nation by keeping the public up- to- date on information pertaining to one’s life, services, products, and the environment. Several trends that have propagated by the print media are food, fashion, and weigh loss programs. People are focused more on these trends today than ever before. Print media has made it more accessible for people to obtain whatever information he or she needs to keep up with these particular trends. Because of the down economy, more people are cooking at home instead of dinning out. People prefer to cook meals that are quick and easy to prepare and are healthier for the family. A few of the popular trend includes; organic or soy dairy product, ethic foods, one dish meal, vegetables, and ruits. This food trend has caused the prices of the items in the grocery stores to increase. In turn, the increase has sparked the owners of the grocery stores to enhance the distribution of sales advertisement. They are more sales advertisements printed and mailed to the consumer’s home nowadays than ever before. People can plan what they want to buy, before they leave their home, according t o what is on sale. These advertisements sent through the mail also allow people to budget accordingly or even cut out sale coupons that will make their shopping more cost efficient. Magazines and tabloids are a few sources that primarily focus on fashion. Usually, they employ a fashions staff that includes a team of fashion writers who are used often to highlight the different fashion trends. In addition to, magazines and tabloids, one can find an entire section dedicated to fashion in newspaper like the Sunday Times Style Magazine. This particular magazine is committed entirely to the most up- to- date fashion. These fashions set the trends that young and older people like and are willing to wear. These papers often use celebrities to advertise certain product such as clothes by a specific designer or brand contributes to the fashion culture of today. Weight loss programs have also propagated he print media market. This is solely because many people are trying to be healthy and fit. They currently have whole magazines dedicated to weight loss. These are Body and Soul Magazine and Shape Magazine and they provide people with information about diets, fitness, healthy eating, and recipes from home. They also provide expert advice on how to live healthier from doctors or fitness gurus. The advertisements in these magazines show people who are skinny and healthy and this makes people reading these magazines want to be like them. Today print media has become one of the most successful industries. The different types of print media give the people an excessive amount of options to choose from. Whether it is from a newspaper or magazine, every source has a particular benefit. Print media is driven by the need for advertisers to reach the audience they are targeting and in places were people are looking for information.

Home Education: For better or for worse Essay

A home school, as the name implies, is basically an alternative form of education that allows students to receive their education at their own homes instead of going to traditional public or private schools. Students who study at home are either taught by personal tutors, their own parents, or sometimes the school sends the whole curriculum or all the lessons that need to be learned to them. Most of the time, home school students only need to go to their respective schools when they need to take an exam, for example, but in several cases, they take their quizzes or examination at home as well. There are several reasons why parents opt to have their children study at home instead of sending them to educational institutions. These reasons may include: the parents’ belief that they can give their child better education at home, the child’s disabilities or psychological disorders which need special attention; the parents inability to afford sending their child to traditional schools, the child’s failure to learn anything in private or public schools, the desired school is too far from the child’s home, the child’s failure to pass the entrance exams in any school, problems with policies of the school, and even religious reasons. At present home education has helped a lot of students who are unable to study in traditional schools all around the world. However, while I acknowledge that there are millions of students that are home schooled and that the trend is growing almost every year, I am not entirely in favor of the concept due to various reasons. Although it may be true that home education provides a number of benefits for students, especially those who are impoverished, I believe that it defeats the other purposes of private and public schools, which is to ensure the child’s emotional, intellectual, and social growth and to prepare the child for the life after graduation. It is a well-known fact that a traditional school teaches not only the lessons found in textbooks but also certain aspects of life itself. In private or public schools, students get to interact with their peers. Interaction between students facilitates the exchange of new information, new insights, and new ideas which is highly essential for intellectual growth. Moreover, interacting with peers enables a student to create his own circle or network of friends which is important for social stability and growth. In addition, making friends can also be educational especially if it involves people from different cultures or nationalities. For example, an American student can learn a lot from his or her Chinese best friend regarding the lifestyle, food, beliefs, traditions, and history of China or vice versa. On the other hand, a home schooled student is strictly contained within the four corners of his or her house so he or she is unable to meet and interact with new people. In addition, since this student becomes isolated, he or she may develop a fear of other people or even the outside world in general. Moreover, although a home schooled student may be more intellectual than his or her traditionally educated counterparts since he or she is primarily focused on studying, he or she may not learn new information because of his or her dependence on textbooks. In short, he or she will have a narrower perspective about a lot of things as compared to a student in a traditional classroom setting where he or she can ask questions and give their own opinions regarding certain matter about the lesson. Furthermore, since a home-educated student is basically confined in his or her house, he or she may have a tendency of slacking off because there are no school rules. Home schooled students may study and may work when they want to provided that they pass the exams given to them. However, this defeats the purpose of having school rules and regulations which develop discipline in students. In traditional schools, students generally have to follow rules such as wearing of proper uniform, observing silence in hallways, displaying proper behavior while in the campus, and throwing of trash in the proper garbage cans, among many others. If they fail to abide by the rules and regulations of the schools they will be penalized. This â€Å"penalty system† in traditional schools instills in students the fear of breaking a rule due to the corresponding punishments and in effect, they become disciplined and follow the law. In addition, this system also teaches students to respect the authority and the law in general, which is basically what is lacking in home schools. Although the parents may have taught their home-educated children proper manners and respect, these children may only apply this when dealing with their parents since they never got to interact with other people. Furthermore, possibly the major disadvantage of home education is that it lacks an avenue for physical growth. Home-educated students generally have no physical activities such as sports which could lead to weight gain and possible health problems. In addition, since home education does not have extracurricular activities, students are unable to showcase the possible potentials they may have. For example, a home- schooled student may have the makings and traits of a leader, however, he or she cannot show his or her capabilities since there are no opportunities to show them. Moreover, a home-schooled student may have amazing talent in basketball and has the potential to be granted a scholarship in a prestigious university but is unable to do so since he or she is restricted within the comforts of his or her own home. In short, what home schools also lack is the avenue for students to be recognized for their talents and skills in activities other than academics. In fact, they may not be even recognized in academics since it is already an advantage for them to be studying at home. Basically, what I would like to point out is that there are necessary lessons in life that cannot be learned inside a home school or even inside a classroom. For a student to be well-equipped to face the real world, he or she should have experienced the little realities of life which are present in traditional schools. For me, I believe that home schools should only be applicable to students who have disabilities and psychological defects and who are too poor to afford private education. The other reasons are not justifiable since traditional schooling is basically a necessity for everyone. Parents who force their children to receive their education at home without valid are actually impeding their personal growth. If this is the case, they should not be surprised if their children grow up with various problems in life. Over-all, I believe that while a home school can provide intellectual growth for students, it lacks an avenue for equally important aspects of personal growth such as emotional, social, and sometimes even spiritual growth, which are all important for a student to understand and face life itself.

Fatherhood in Tartuffe and the Magic Flute Essay

Throughout history gender roles in society, as well as in the family unit, have changed. At the dawn of civilization many cultures were led my women in a matriarchal fashion (meaning that females held positions of power and influence over men). The logic behind this idea is one that is women are responsible for creating new life and bringing the next generation into the world, caring for their children and ensuring that our species lives on. It wasn’t until the importance of men in the reproductive process was realized that patriarchal (societies led by men) began to emerge. Once men had the power in the world, they would fight to hold on to it. Religion, â€Å"science†, and social structure would be used for thousands of years to keep women subservient to their male counterparts. As men took over, the structure of society and the family unit changed drastically. The role of fathers and father figures in the assigned readings so far shows different responsibilities owed to a father based on time period and society in which they live. In Mozart’s The Magic Flute, there is not a father characterized in the story, but Sarastro acts as a strong father figure to the protagonists. He is first introduced by the Queen of the Night as the villain of the tale who has kidnapped her daughter and must be punished. Tamino soon discovers it is The Queen of the Night who is evil and Sarastro is the pure one. When Tamino agrees to join the brotherhood, he falls under the authority of Sarastro. There are many references to or about the once secret society known as the â€Å"Freemasons† throughout this opera, the â€Å"brotherhood† is a direct representation of the masons and many of the trials they must go through for membership; with Sarastro representing the Master Mason. He may not be related to Tamino by blood, but as a religious leader, Sarastro holds many of the same duties to his followers as a father holds to his family. One of the perks of his power is the authority to punish and reward his followers as he sees fit. At the end of Act I, he demonstrates this by sentencing Monostatos to seventy-seven lashes and rewarding Tamino for his virtue with admission to the brotherhood, and upon completion of the trials, Pamina as his wife. The authority Sarastro has as his people’s ultimate religious authority allows him to govern as he sees fit, with control over his subjects. Much of the Queen’s hostility towards Sarastro is based on the fact that Sarastro inherited his position from Pamina’s father, Sarastro believes that Pamina is not safe in the care of her mother and uses his authority to save her from her mother, believing that the queen’s influence is not good for Pamina. He also intervenes to protect Pamina when Monostatos makes inappropriate advances toward her. Sarastro has inherited Pamina’s father’s title and along with it, he assumes certain fatherly characteristics, mainly the protective influence a father has over his family. Orgon, the father in Tartuffe, shows some similarities with Sarastro but with one major difference: Orgon uses his fatherly authority to force his daughter into an undesirable marriage. He has grown small-minded in his age and believes Tartuffe to be the poster child for humanity. Obviously, he wants Tartuffe to be a member of his family, and he does so by trying marrying his daughter off to Tartuffe. He tells Mariane â€Å"Yes, Tartuffe shall be allied by marriage to this family, and he’s to be you husband, is that clear? It’s a father’s privilege†. He is abusing the power given to him as Mariane’s father to impel her into a marriage with Tartuffe after he had already promised her to Valere. After much protest from just about everyone in his family failed, Elmire plots to reveal Tartuffe for the scoundrel he is. When the truth about Tartuffe is revealed, he reminds Orgon that everything he owned now belonged to Tartuffe and he tells Orgon to leave immediately. With this, Orgon looses any power he may have had left in his household. After Tartuffe has ruined everyone’s day, all seems lost to Orgon and his family until another father figure steps in to intervene. The King sends one of his personal bodyguards to arrest Tartuffe for a long list of crimes. At this point, Orgon, who’s fatherly authority has been exhausted, is overshadowed by the saving graces of his ruler. The King in Tartuffe is a character who joins the story very late, but is crucial for the conclusion of the tale. He does not show himself personally, as King he has other responsibilities than to directly oversee the arrest of a criminal. His â€Å"Officer† (a Lieutenant Colonel in the original text) arrives with Tartuffe under the ruse of arresting Orgon. The officer reveals himself as an agent of the king and acts as the arm of the king and arrests Tartuffe by royal authority, punishing him for his crimes. He then returns Orgon’s property to its rightful owner and pardon’s his crimes as reward for his â€Å"loyal deeds in the late civil war†. With Tartuffe arrested, the family is able to return to their normal lives and Valere and Mariane marry as they were meant to. The king, as the ultimate political authority, saves the day and concludes the play with his just judgements upon his subjects. Tartuffe himself is a father figure in his own regard as a clergyman (even as a fraudulent one). Religious leaders hold a certain power over their subjects, interpreting the will of their deity and communicating it to the common people. Orgon and Madame Pernelle’s inability to see through Tartuffe’s act as everyone else has is proof of the devotion they give to their spiritual leader. Whatever Tartuffe councils, they obey without question. This will get Orgon into trouble in the case of the strongbox which he entrusts to Tartuffe. Even when they are presented with evidence, the two refuse to accept that Tartuffe is anything but holy. It takes physical evidence seen by their own eyes to disprove their beliefs. Tartuffe’s priestly disguise holds power only because of title (even if it is counterfeit), and not because of any kind of lineage or appointment to leadership. Each of the aforementioned father figures share similar responsibilities in their respective family units. The king and Sarastro have much larger family units, but they have to care for and protect their people just as a father does. Tartuffe as an assumed priest in the Catholic Church bore the responsibilities of leading a catholic ? flock. It is said that a man’s house is his castle, and Orgon runs his castle with an iron fist, but he leads it nonetheless.

The Man Who Loved Flowers

Thomas Mahoney 2-15-13 ENG 112 The Man Who Loved Flowers This story starts out in a very peaceful innocent setting, in New York City. There is a sense of love in the air, and the smell of spring. There is a man walking along the streets in a gray streets turning everyones attention because then can tell he is happy and in love. This story takes place in May of 1963 right before the summer starts. Stephen King is extremely descriptive in the story with the man's appearance; â€Å"He had that look about him.He was dressed in a light grey suit, the narrow tie pulled down a little, his top collar button undone. His hair was dark and cut short. His complexion was fair, his eyes a light blue. Not an extraordinary face, but on this soft spring evening, on this avenue, in May of 1963, he was beautiful†(King) The interesting thing about this story is how it seems so beautiful and peaceful, but draws a thin line with insanity.The first sense of something being wrong in the story is when the man goes to buy flowers, and there is a radio playing a news program talking about a hammer murder that was on the loose, but this is immediately dismissed because everything seems so perfect in the moment. As the man walks away he hesitates and touches something in his pocket, which foreshadows what could happen later in the story. â€Å"The young man passed the flower-stand and the sound of the bad news faded. He hesitated, looked over his shoulder, and thought it over.He reached into his coat pocket and touched the something in there again. For a moment his face seemed puzzled, lonely, almost haunted, and then, as his hand left the pocket, it regained its former expression of eager expectation. â€Å"(King) The imagery in this story is so beautiful and down to earth for almost the whole story, until it becomes dark and depressing at the end. King goes from writing about flowers, the beautiful spring weather, love being in the air, kids loving life and playing, to a hammer, blood everywhere, dark alleys, creepy vibes, and a presence of death.When the story turns from afternoon to night is when the man goes to visit Norma, the love of his life. This is when the story turns dark. They grow close together, and the closer they get, he realizes that the woman is not Norma, in fact, Norma had been dead for Ten years. He handed her the flowers though and she denied him and gave them back. She thanks him and begins to explains that she is not Norma, but he cuts her off mid sentence and whispers â€Å"Norma†(King)as he pulls the hammer out of his pocket. This gives an extremely creepy mood to the story abruptly. She backed away, her face a round white blur, her mouth an opening black 0 of terror, and she wasn't Norma, Norma was dead, she had been dead for ten years, and it didn't matter because she was going to scream and he swung the hammer to stop the scream, to kill the scream, and he swung the hammer the spill of flowers fell out of his hand, the sp ill spilled and broke open, spilling red, white, and yellow tea roses beside the dented trash cans where the cats made alien love in the dark, screaming in love, screaming, screaming. (King) King brings up how hard it is to love to the reader during this part of the story by being extremely descriptive and frightening. He shows how hard life is to move on once you're in love and then you lose the one love. This is one of the hardest things for people to deal with in life. The name of the character is revealed at the end of the story, King calls him â€Å"Love†. He presents the idea that love makes you do insane things that you would never do if you weren't in love, and it can take over you're personality and change your life.At this point in the story, King confuses the reader by making them realize how misleading the story was from the beginning. It gives a sense of the unknown to the reader and leaves them questioning how it went from being so positive to negative in a matt er of seconds. There are some small hints that he foreshadows in the beginning of the story but nothing too evident. â€Å"His own smile trembled a little, and he felt a moment's disquiet. Her face over the sailor blouse suddenly seemed blurred. It was getting darker now. . . could he have been mistaken?Surely not. It was Norma. â€Å"(King) It is a crazy and unexpected change of events when it goes from having the reader believe that it is a typical friendly man that is in love, and all the sudden the reader discovers he was the hammer murderer. That's what makes this a great story because it is so misleading at first. King is so creative in the way he makes you think when you are reading the story, he knows how to get inside the readers head and really make them think about the thin line between fear and love, and how easily that line is broken. None of it seemed real, none of it seemed to matter. The air was soft and sweet. Two men with beer bellies stood outside a bakery, pitc hing nickels and ribbing each other. Spring trembled on the edge of summer, and in the city, summer is the season of dreams. â€Å"(King) It would take a genius to predict that the man in the beginning of the story ended up being a killer at the end, it is hard to even believe. it makes you think that anyone you see walking on the street could be a killer like that, and you would never know.The fact that King doesn't provide the main character with a name further proves the point that and unsuspecting person could be a cold hearted killer. This is another reason King is such a great writer, he is so clever with the way he tells his stories and all of the minor details he provides. He creates a character that seems to be a typical everyday male that is in love with a girl, but underneath that he is a murderer. This brings me back the my thesis of how thin the line between love and insanity is.I love the way the mood suddenly switches and smoothly King makes the transition into a dar k frightening story. â€Å"His name was love, and he walked these dark streets because Norma was waiting for him. And he would find her. Some day soon. He began to smile. A bounce came into his step as he walked on down Seventy-third Street. A middle-aged married couple sitting on the steps of their building watched him go by, head cocked, eyes afar away, a half-smile on his lips. when he had passed by the woman said, ‘How come you never look that way any more?Huh? , ‘Nothing,' she said, but she watched the young man in the grey suit disappear into the gloom of the encroaching night and thought that if there was anything more beautiful than springtime, it was young love. â€Å"(King) This is a great way to end the story because it presents the reader with a sense of hope, and brings back the sense of beauty that started the story. King is a writer unlike any other, he makes the reader think in ways that make them question there own life.

Health Communication verses Social Marketing and allocationof Essay

Health Communication verses Social Marketing and allocationof resources - Essay Example The role of the nutritionist would be to supervise the entire nutritional portion of the program wherein the requirements as delineated by the USDA. He/she would be employed as a consultant and would plan the lunch menu on a for the week and endure the menu meets the minimal energy level of 664 kcal with a fat content of less that 30% of the total calorific content, no less than 10g of protein, 286mg of calcium, 3.5mg of iron, at lease 224 retinol equivalents of vitamin A and at lest 15mg of vitamin C. The salary for the nutritionist would be approximately $15/hour for 10 hours per week. This salary is based on the Hourly Rate Survey Report for Job: Nutritionist (PayScale, Inc. 2007). A chef would also serve as an integral part of the proposed program, the role of the chef would be such that he/she would work in collaboration with the nutritionist to ensure that the calorie and other nutritional requirements of the proposed program are met. This would be achieved through healthy culinary techniques, portion control and the close monitoring of all those involved. The chef would be an additional employee procured specifically for this program. This employee would be a part-time employee and would garner a salary of approximately $20/hour for an average of four hours per day and twenty hours per week. In addition to the nutritionist and the chef, the program would utilize a physical education/health and nutrition teacher. Currently, the department of education within each and every state utilizes physical education/health and nutrition teachers. These teachers are on staff on a full-time basis. In order to maintain the guidelines of this program, it would be necessary for these teachers to undergo specialized training in order to deliver the necessary fitness and education programs as these programs are age-specific. In addition to the age specificity, these programs are accompanied by specific guidelines

Li-ion battery multi-stage charger with power factor correction for Essay

Li-ion battery multi-stage charger with power factor correction for mobile phone - Essay Example ase of implementing the circuit into hardware would be reduced; thus, enabling the introduction of a multiprocessor to control the battery’s charging process (Liu, 2013.p.108-112). By adopting this multi-stage charger, it would be largely expected that appropriate rectifications would be made to the current designs of Li-ion batteries in a manner that would enable users attain total satisfaction from their use. The proposed multi-stage charger would use a diode in the smoothening of the transition between two high-gain linear feedback loops. This would enable it to control the single power device; hence, enable automatic charging of the battery under constant current and voltage (Andreini & Murari, 2002.p.335-341). The main components that would be required for the enhancement of this project for a single isolated configuration of the system would include micro-controllers, temperature regulators and sensors, lead acid and LCD batteries, resistors, ADC and an op amps integrator for the circuits. However, to be able to achieve the goals or this project as far as the acquisition of the gadgets or above noted items and the project’s cost, an approximate total amount of $200 would be required to cater for the budgetary allocations on the same. I hope that this project and related concepts will be concluded by the close of this present semester. In the contemporary world of these days where the use of electronic gadgets is at a higher rate, the main concern of consumers is on the durability of the battery cells that they apply to their devices whether mobile phones, laptops, iPods, among many other such devices. For a long time, the manufacturers of such gadgets have engaged the use of Lithium-ion batteries in the provision of a much needed energy to power the devices. The main concern for the choice of usage for the Li-ion batteries is the accuracy, compactness and power efficiency of the battery’s charger circuits. In order to build up a power factor

Week 2 diss 1 Across the World, Industrial History Repeats Itself Essay

Week 2 diss 1 Across the World, Industrial History Repeats Itself - Essay Example The roles that, the citizens play as consumers as the country strives for a fast-growing and sustainable economy would also be highlighted. The industrialization of the United States of America after Reconstruction was a period that, the black southerners were used to achieve industrialization in the North. The end of Reconstruction signaled the end of racial equality as the blacks now fell swiftly into a phase of inequality and exploitation (Healey, 2011). Because of this, the African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans were used to achieve industrialization in the North after Reconstruction as they were mainly used as laborers (Healey, 2011). This is quite similar to the modernization of the American workforce in the past twenty to thirty years. However, this is not a case of the blacks from the south being used as laborers in the industrialization of the country in the past twenty to thirty years; blacks from different parts of the world have been used for outsourcing-jobs, since their services are usually cheaper than their white counterparts are. Thus, the industrialization of the United States of Am erica after Reconstruction and the modernization of the American workforce in the past twenty to thirty years are quite similar as African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans were used to fuel the economy at these periods (Healey, 2011). During the industrialization era in the United States of America, the blacks from the southern part of the country migrated to the Northern states in search of improved means of livelihood as industrialization was on the increase in the Northern part of the country at that period (Healey, 2011). Due to the racial segregation of the blacks in the South, the blacks had no option than to embark on mass migration to the Northern parts of the country. The hard times that hit Southern Agriculture also

Case St. Marks Hospital and Oscar Yanez Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

St. Marks Hospital and Oscar Yanez - Case Study Example The researcher states that the healthcare providers in the hospital have to live with the fact that they did not do as their mission statement stated that they would do as they were busy thinking of ways of saving their income. Although this kind of operation is meant to help the larger community get better basic healthcare services, mismanaging one of their patients does not justify their seemingly good intentions. In any case, the hospital’s mission does state that it will provide the best healthcare services to everyone. It does not single out the uninsured and unregistered immigrants as undeserving of quality medical care. Furthermore, in its bid to help Oscar get repatriated back to Mexico, the hospital failed to consider the welfare of the family considering that Oscar is the family’s sole breadwinner. Even though the hospital cares to ensure that Oscar is discharged without being submitted to immigration authorities, it is clear that the rest of the familyâ€℠¢s welfare is not taken into account. Therefore, the way Oscar was treated was hardly ethical. Once again considering the mission of the hospital, it is beyond doubt that its actions regarding the priorities it has set highly are clearly against its mission statement. The hospital mission states that the organization will provide quality and emergency care to all patients. Ignoring the care of patients in need of emergency care or making this objective secondary to the provision of services such as immunizations, prenatal care, and other community programs clearly goes against ethics and the hospital’s mission. The hospital is a legal organization has the responsibility to report the existence or presence of illegal immigrants to appropriate authorities. In this case, the hospital is legally required was supposed to report Oscar’s presence as an undocumented immigrant to immigration authorities.

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 Essay

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 - Essay Example It makes every effort to ensure that its products are preferred by consumers and that its public relations are accomplished without difficulties. Ethical business practice prolongs the life of an organization and promotes consumer satisfaction among other stakeholders. This paper evaluates whether business ethics is an oxymoron justifying the arguments through ethical theories that include; virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism and Marxism. Business Ethics Businesses are compelled to remain flexible due to the inconsistency of the contemporary operating environments. Each competitor strives to acquire a greater market share than other players, which sometimes leads to negligence in regard to corporate ethics. Various situations require to be dealt with differently and sometimes managers are perplexed regarding what business ethics necessitates in certain circumstances. In some instances, acting morally may be costly or may be hindered by obstacles. For these reasons, Velasquez (2 002) observes that referring to ‘business ethics’ as an oxymoron precisely identifies ethics as a challenge. On the other hand, as presented in the definition of ethics, if an organization is to remain ethical in its operations, it has to observe the laid out values and principles. In other words, no matter how pressing the situation is, ethical values have to be adhered to for business ethics to be accomplished. In essence, many organizations avoid being perfectionists in business ethics even though they insist on ethical standards when dealing with stakeholders. This makes them escape the unintentional negative consequences of fanatical business ethics (DesJardins, 2008). Various ethical theories portray business ethics as an oxymoron. For example, virtue ethics is a theory that sheds light on the boundary between balanced decision making and unethical behavior in business (West, 2003). Sometimes financial managers are faced with the dilemma of determining the appropr iate step to take when the business is faced with challenges, yet the set business values have to be adhered to. The right decision that may save a company from collapsing may be regarded as unethical in a different perspective if the common values are not observed. Rather than being restricted to a set of conceptual rules, a manager maintains his/her professional role and appraises an ethically thought-provoking decision within that role. In other words, he/she is not bound by what is believed to be ethical while acting for the good of the organization (Maximiano, 2003). For instance, the finance director in a company X realizes that the organization will incur losses owing to an abrupt change in exchange rates. The company maintains corporate social responsibility and runs a philanthropic community program which is among its core values that costs 10% of its proceeds. The manager is faced with the dilemma of suspending the program to minimize the company’s expenditure or to retain the program. The first alternative will lead him to disregard the company’s ethical values. However, as a professional, his work is to ensure that the company does not incur a loss. The manager has to make an ethically charged decision and suspend the program until the operating environment regains normalcy. According to virtue ethics, he will be regarded as a good manager due to his intelligence that helps in maintaining efficiency and profitability, while on the other hand he is

Functional Perspective on group Making Theory and Cultural approach to Research Paper

Functional Perspective on group Making Theory and Cultural approach to organization - Research Paper Example They have to begin by analyzing the problem they are facing and identifying its causes. There could be various problems and they have to be identified. The next step is to set specific goals that can be measured using various metrics. The board also has to identify some viable alternatives to enable the company achieve the goals they have set. Throughout the process, feedback has to be given on each of the steps and included in the next step to come up with an optimal solution. The theory is quite simplistic failing to take into account various environmental factors that affect the decisions made by the group. These factors could be internal or external to the group responsible for making the decision. Communication between the group members and with other entities outside of the group has a big role to play. The environment and circumstances surrounding the decision being made also have a great impact that the parties involved will feel. The GM board could face challenges from external environment such as legislations passed by congress on various matters affecting the motor vehicle industry. The company’s internal organization is an internal factor that affects the decisions made. The cultural approach to organizations was a theory put across by Clifford James Geertz. The theory is based on the main idea of organizations having their own unique cultures. This culture influences the meaning that the individuals pin on various things in their lives. Image, climate and character are the main factors that contribute towards the formation of a company’s corporate culture. The culture takes on an almost human perspective (Griffin 273). The theory mainly advocates for switching from systems approach to corporate culture to a more human approach. An example of application of the theory is in a bank. The employees of a specific bank have to keep the reputation that the bank is known for. One of the most important things in the industry is the quality of