Applying the Systems Development Life Cycle Essay

Procedure In a short paper (approximately one page), summarize how the work you have done in the previous project assignments can be integrated into the SDLC. Submission To submit this assignment, please go to the Grade Book. In the column in the Grade Book for this particular assignment, a â€Å"submit† button is available. Click on this button to be directed to your Personal Workspace where you will be able to upload and then submit this assignment. Please make sure you are submitting the final version of the assignment. The submit feature will be unavailable after submitting the assignment. Please do not post this assignment as an attachment in the Forum*. It must be submitted through the submit feature in the Grade Book. For more detailed directions and assistance for submitting assignments, please utilize the â€Å"help† feature located in the left hand navigation bar. Once at the â€Å"help† screen, choose the â€Å"How do I submit an assignment in the Grade Book† link from the â€Å"Courses† section. *Some assignments require the sharing and/or peer review of written work. In these cases, your instructor may also require you to post your assignment in a public message (i.e., to the entire class) in the Forum. Evaluation This assignment is worth 75 points. This assignment will be evaluated on the following criteria: †¢Completeness — Addresses each step/component/element required by project assignments with no obvious omissions. †¢Timeliness — Completed within specified timeframe. †¢Synthesis — Applies and/or synthesizes course content, required readings, independent research, and original thought into project as appropriate. †¢Clarity and Concision — Project composition isstructured logically, focused, well organized, and flows well. Conveys ideas clearly and concisely. †¢Language Conventions — Project consistently employs conventional English spelling, grammar, punctuation, syntax, and paragraph construction. †¢Application of Technology — Demonstrates application of technology to the project that is realistic and appropriate for the selected professional context.

Natural Disaster Responses in California

For years, geologists have been predicting that a major earthquake will occur in california. In october 1989, a 7.1 quake hit the san francisco area. Five years later, northridge and southern california experienced an earthquake of similar magnitude. Why too many people is still coming to places like california where earthquakes and natural disasters are predicted? In my point of view, these are the strongest reasons: the most popular place to emmigrate, job opportunities, and better schools, education, and systems. California is the most popular place to emmigrate because it has a great weather, there are too many touristic atractions, many different places you can go to, and there is too many people that come from the same place you came from. I want to use mexican people as an example, they all come for one reason, â€Å"Succed†. They also know they will find a lot of people from mexico in california, specially in los angeles.They also kown that probably about half of the people california would talk spanish so I won†t be really hard for them to communicate with others. Job opportunities is another really strong factor that induces people to come and look for a better life. There are so many jobs in california that is almost a sure thing that anyone would get a job, educated or not educated people, or even if you are not legally able to work in usa you will still get a job. You can easily support yourself with a minimun wage, because you will probably get about 45 or 50 dollards a day when in places like mexico you will just get five dollards for the whole day and doing a really heavy job. Also relatively speaking, everything is expensive in mexico, I mean, here you can get or buy whatever you need for a low price, and you will still have some money left, but in mexico, you will never have enough money unless you are in the high class. â€Å"Schools,† california has great schools, great education level, and better systems than other places. Ucla and usc are some of the great universities california has and if you think about it, everything is related, if you go to a good school and become a really educated person, you will get a really good job and make really good money and then you won†t really worry about a good future because with your education that wiil be garranty. Scientist, doctors, and some other educated people come to usa, not only to california because of all technology that is here and can be helpul. A lot of support from schools, people, and business are another reasons teat encourages you to keep going and get better everyday, and if one day you decide to go back to the place you came from your education will open lots of doors for you. In my personal point of view, I think some people are aware of the disasters that are predicted, some others don†t care or just don†t believe it, nad the other part just come to make some money and come back to their native places. It is a true fact that so many people is still coming to california and when you hear about those things that are predicted, I†m sure you ask yourself why do people still come if they are aware of what†S going on? , well if you think about it I†m sure you will come out with almoist the same answers I just told.

Film Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Film Journal - Essay Example Moreover, there is Gorge, who has shown the interest of marrying Tracy. Moreover, we have the family of Tracy, and that is; Margaret, Dinah and Seth Lord. Also, there is the boss of the Spy magazine by the Kidd among other characters featured in the film. However, the primary objective of this study is to examine the plot Philadelphia story critically as well an analysis of the principal characters in the film. The director of the film introduces us to the Main characters by showing us their character traits. For instance, the director presents Cary Grant as a violent character in the play. His violence features are seen when he pushes Tracy down in their time of divorce. Moreover, Cary is seen to gullible for Kidd blackmails him to sneak Ruth and Jimmy ( Liz and Mike) to the mansion impersonating to be Junius, the son of Seth. On the other hand, Katherine is presented to be a violent and temperamental individual. Her characters are clearly seen when she smashes Dexter’s suitcase at the doorway during their separation. Besides, Catherine is seen to be arrogant towards other people’s weakness. On the other hand, Ruth is introduced as a secretive because of her silence on her last divorce and at the same time she is presented as a loving parson. Costume changes in the film have contributed a lot towards the presentation of the real characters, more so the ladies. The designer of costumes in Philadelphia story (Adrian) has a lot of positive comments as well as an excellent reputation for his great influence in the female fashion industry. For instance, provision of men’s wear to Katherine was the first most revolutionary thing that he did in the introduction of the film. Therefore, putting on means’ wear depicted Katherine to be a strong woman who can handle any challenge before her. Therefore, the designer designed Katherine’s’ clothes in that, they can show her braveness.

Instrumentation System Assignment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Instrumentation System Assignment - Lab Report Example The movement is then transduced into an electrical output. Finally, the signal conditioning is needed, depending on sensor and type of application. The Bourdon tubes are example of the major types of sensing elements; they are sealed and deflect in response to any applied pressure. The Pressure gauge is a self-contained indicator used in converting the detected process pressure into proportional mechanical motion of the pointer. The pressure transducer might be a combination of the sensor element of the gauge with mechanical-to-pneumatic with a power supply or mechanical-to-electrical converter. The system might have a signal conditioner for converting the transducer signal into a proportional standardized output. Transducer’s accuracy denotes the degree of conformity or agreement of the measured value in relation to an accepted standard; usually expressed in percentage of the actual or of the full-scale reading of the instrument; for the percentage-full-scale devices, the error increases proportionally as the absolute values of the measurement drop. The repeatability the bourdons transducer refers to the closeness to agreement in a number of consecutive physical measurements of the same given variable. Linearity refers to the measurement of the wellness the transducers output increase linearly with pressure increase. Hysteresis error is a phenomenon characterized by the same pressure process resulting from different output signals dependant on whether the present pressure is approached from higher or lower pressure. Digital pressure instrument contain microprocessors that have improved the built-in diagnostic capabilities; increased their accuracy by the introduction of digital compensation that reduces the sensors’ nonlinearities; and have the capability of communicating digitally with the host device in availing different parameters. The Bourdon tube has elliptical hollow tube, when there is pressure difference between the outside and inside the

Marketing Research Paper on Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization

Marketing on Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization - Research Paper Example It was during her trips after a corporate life that she took the risk of developing the first Kudler Fine Foods following discovery of an opportunity that she could exploit. This opportunity was sired following a discover that she could not get all her cooking ingredients in one store and this decided to open a gourmet store that would meet the niche needs of the consumers. This therefore illustrates that discovery of opportunities and exploiting them to garner a competitive advantage is one of the marketing strategy and tactics that Kudler Fine Foods employs (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Information technology serves as an effective tool utilized by Kudler Fine Foods Organization both for marketing research and as a marketing strategy. The organization has a web home page where it engages in online interaction with the stakeholders since it gets to acquire information on the customer responses as pertains to their products and also the needs of the consumers. Consequently, the web page enables Kudler Fine Foods to internetwork with its various branches hence reducing the travelling cost incurred in absence of online communication services. Also, following use of online home page, information gathered aids in the strategic decision making of the organization. This therefore enables Kudler Fine Foods to garner a strategic position in the industry as a result of incorporation of IT in the provision of its products and services (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Diversification is another marketing strategy employed by Kudler Fine Foods Virtual organization and marketing research will greatly influence the effectiveness of this strategy. Diversification is illustrated in the provision of products and services that the organization engages in hence making their stalls a one stop shop for their consumers. The organization by carrying out marketing research will be in a position to know the current wines that are preferred by the customers and thus prepare the wine. Consequentl y, in the baking department, marketing research will aid in developing of different cakes and in learning the market trends of cake consumption. Moreover, in the meat and cheese department, marketing research will provide valuable information as to how the organization can improve the provision of its goods and services. Following the recent development of Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization as pertains to expansion capabilities, there is clear indication that market research plays a dire role in not only diversification but also in market entry approaches. Investment in market research will enable Kudler Fine Foods achieve the vision of being the premier grocery and gourmet store (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Areas where Kudler Fine Foods’ needs additional market research Kudler Fine Foods needs to do additional market research as pertains to its procurement strategies. Currently, in an attempt to cut cost, Kathy the director is the one responsible for ordering for all the t hree stores on a weekly basis. Though it is cheaper, it reduces the time she interacts with her customers as the procurement and distribution takes the bulk of her time. The organization needs to carryout additional market research as to how it can procure products for the three stalls, to ensure that Kathy accesses the people on the ground and gets to know the preferences of the consumers form the

Work place diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Work place diversity - Research Paper Example Consequently, to become more open to change and innovative, all organizations require diversity. Capitalizing and maximizing on diversity in the workplace has become a significant subject for today’s management (Kelli, et al., 2012). This paper delves into workplace diversity, its importance in creating a productive and healthy work environment, as well as policies and actions for improving the situation. Introduction Workplace diversity is an issue concerning people, which concentrates on the similarities and variations that individuals bring to their place of work. Esty and co-authors (1995) define diversity as recognizing, appreciating, valuing, accepting, and celebrating disparities among individuals with regard to gender, ethnicity, age, mental and physical ability, class, sexual orientation, race, public assistance status, and spiritual practice. Apparently, the broad definition of workplace diversity goes beyond those aspects that are legally stated in affirmative actio n non-discrimination as well as equal opportunity bills. The interpretation of diversity normally incorporates aspects that affect the perspectives and identities that individuals bring for instance geographic location education, profession, and parental status. Diversity as a concept is deemed to include everybody. More often than not, diversity initiatives match non-discrimination conformity programs through the formation of the organizational culture and workplace environment for making disparities work. Diversity is all about the creation of workplace practices and environments that promote learning from other people and capturing the benefit of varied perspectives, it is about respect and dignity for all, and about learning from other individuals who are not the same (Woods, Bormann & Joseph, 2010). Benefits of Diversity in the Workplace Workplace diversity is not only beneficial to employers but it is also beneficial to associates. Even though workplace associates are co-depen dent, respecting differences among persons can boost productivity. Workplace diversity places an organization at a competitive advantage in several ways. To start with, it ensures the retention of business. Esty and co-authors (1995) explain that a good number of organizations tend to be keen on the demographics of institutions/companies with which they do business. Municipal governments and federal agencies particularly have taken the lead in declining prospective clients and suppliers who fail to demonstrate a clear commitment to diversity. A good example is one of the Midwestern cities that declined to purchase computer equipment from a high-tech company whose entire sales team was white. Workplace diversity also brings about increased productivity. As Mor (2006) explains, this is attributable to job satisfaction, which is true in the sense that in such a work place, people feel valued, respected and included, which helps them to stop acting like outsiders thus making productivit y go up. Another competitive advantage of well-managed workplace diversity is increased marketing capabilities. A group of diverse employees is capable of providing insight into the establishment of a wide range of customers. Attracting new customers makes a critical difference between going out of business and survival of a business. Moreover, as markets become more and more differentiated, smaller market segments are imperative (Esty, et al., 1995). A diverse workplace also builds the largest possible pool of talent for recruitment. This is more important especially with the present-time’s increased competition that calls for every organization to hire

CRJS472IP3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS472IP3 - Research Paper Example This implies that the investigating agency must have an original sample from the person to work with if they require accurate results. However, samples are also important in unintended recordings. The agency can get an individual original voice recording by securing a court order demanding the suspect to do so (FBI n.d). In high secretive missions, voice recorders are planted in strategic places in order to identify the speakers. For example, police may plant recorders in the body of an undercover agent to capture the conversation between drug dealers, arms dealers and terrorist. The device captures the voices that can be analyzed and used as evidence before a court of law (Becker 2009). Voice recognition works effectively when the police or the investigating agency has an authentic voice sample of a suspect. Analysis is then done on the sample with the original sample as a reference. Analysis is done using high-tech computer programs. The programs identify modification in the voices that are meant to disguise the conversation by use of personal voice tracts that cannot be compromised. The most used source of voices is telephone conversations. This method entails recording and listening to selected telephone conversations. The conversations are passed across a voice recognition system whereby speakers are likely to be identified. In this method, the speakers must speak for some time for analysis and authentication to be complete. The timing is usually pegged at thirty seconds; however, it is impossible to control the length of the conversation in cases where the investigator is not part of the conversation. Voice recognition has been used in investigations involving drug dealers in the USA. Drug cartels are highly secretive thus it is very hard to nab them with their cargo. As such, the police and FBI use telephone conversations and undercover agents to obtain voice samples of the criminals. The voices are then analyzed

Semillas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Semillas - Essay Example and helps them to make changes for the betterment of their families, communities and society in a big way. Semillas was founded by Lucero Gonzalez, who understood the significance of uniting women of all economic and educational backgrounds, concerned in humanity. It was formed over the past 15 years, by a group of few women lawyers and international human rights law experts who came together to change and prove that the enlightening disgrace that love for humankind and charity are one and the same. Semillas receives its funds from the international cooperation, institutions and individual donors and from the Mexican society and the corporation. It not only provides financial resources to the women's organizations, but also gives institutional strengthening support through its wide experience in the field with the help of experts. This organization also strengthens Mexican women's rights, helps in constructing a fair society, promotes a society of equality between men and women and improves the condition of life for future generations. These resources are then awarded as grants to organizations that work in four primary areas such as Humans Rights, Women and Work, Sexual and Reproductive Rights and Gender Violence. Semillas not only provide economic resources, but also provides follow up for women groups that make stronger their leadership and organizing capabilities for monitoring and evaluating their projects and for resource development. For over four decades there has been violence in the Mexican countries. Due to the civil conflict between both the both left-wing guerilla groups and right-wing Para-military forces, fuelled by politics has made this place hell. Not only this but drug-related crime and government-sponsored violence, this internal war has killed thousands and made millions of people homeless. People who stand up for their rights and justice are killed. Women activists have been raped, mutilated, disfigured and murdered. They are driven out from their communities to stop their heroic efforts to build community and demand justice. Semillas offers a simple and productive way to be active participants in Mexico's social change process through its Network of Women Investing in Women and Men in Solidarity (WIW Network). This Network is composed of 560 women and men who seek to support women's cause through their investment donations. This organization observes the significant advantage in encouraging women and girls to widen and use their talents and gifts. The group has brought to justice the cases of women forcibly displaced and of those who have suffered political violence, including sexual violence. There are various groups such as Observatory on Gender, Democracy and Human Rights (Observatorio, Genero, Democracia y

Global Transport Providers Essay Example for Free

Global Transport Providers Essay The ocean carriers transport providers have introduced the Advanced Transport Communications System (ATCS). The trucker uses a GPS enabled cell-phone to enter information about the truck which is then received in the carriers and shippers systems of tracking. They report when they pick up and deliver the cargo using the first and last mile to track the cargo. This form of tracking has been introduced by the Port of Oakland, the Bay Area World Trade Centre and a group of technology partners and it reduces traffic congestion, air pollution and saves on time. However, one realizes that the rest of the journey is not tracked as only the first and last mile of the journey are reported. The cargo therefore can get lost on its way to the destination point. The freight forwarders provide a tracking system that allows the importer to place orders through the web. There is use of Pangaea which is a system that automates the process. It connects the freight forwarders, importers, exporters and the custom brokers through the web. It informs them on the progress made by the cargo through the forwarders offices placed all over the world. There is also the added advantage of line/part tracking feature offered by Pangaea which allows one to re-order, approximate position and also the arrival date of cargo, contents of the containers and retrieval of line item detail (http://www. pangaeaworld. com/product-linepartaspx). It also has the ability to operate at a multi-national level using multi-lingual employees in their offices. This then opens up the market where they would operate their businesses and those of the customers. The Marine Association of the Port of New York/New Jersey started the testing of the Automated Secure Vessel Tracking System(ASVT)in 2002. this system was developed by the Secure Assets Reporting Services (SARS) of Bellevue Washington. By using this tracking system, the parties involved will be able to locate their vessels worldwide on both ocean transit and on inland waterways.. The information on location and movement of the cargo carrying ship is available by the use of an encrypted password on the internet. The Secured Assets Reporting Services uses multiple satellite sources thus increase the ability of tracing the cargo at sea. The information can also be shared with the state and federal Homeland Security agencies thus increasing the ability to trace cargo when on transit and reduce chances of its getting lost. Advantages and disadvantages When using ocean carriers, there are various advantages and disadvantages. When used efficiently, there is reduction of cot as it carries more cargo thus more is under surveillance at a go. By using cell-phones to track cargo it makes it easier as anyone can do so from any part of the world. The major disadvantage of this system is the fact that it only checks when the cargo is picked up or delivered. It does not extend to when the cargo is on transit. Also it is specific phone brands that can be used for this tracking system. The major advantage of the freight is that it is available over the internet. It also keeps the parties involved informed of position of the cargo as this is done via internet. It is also operated at multinational level with offices in all market locations. The major disadvantage of freight forwarders is that it is very costly due to long distance shipping thus limiting ability of a small scale establishment to operate internationally. It also makes the tracking of the cargo expensive as it is done over a longer distance. The other major disadvantage is tat it does not cover the journey if one is not connected to the web. The port tracking system is designed to track the cargo on transit while revealing this information to a specific person only thus increasing security of who gets the information. The cargo is also tracked at sea by use of satellite whereby by using multiple satellite sources, the information is constantly available. The disadvantages are the requirements to have a computer system and ability to use it also a lot of manpower is needed to run the system. Recommendations Based on the research done and the information gotten, the best company for DD is the port tracking system. The rationale behind this conclusion is because the port tracking system has a way of tracking the cargo even at sea. This enables one to know at which point a specific cargo is. Also the fact that there are multiple satellite sources ensures that breakdown of one does not lead to loss of cargo. Each satellite source confirms the others information and nay anomaly is quickly noticed. By giving a password that is used to get the information from the internet means that information is not tampered with. It also ensures that only the relevant authority gets the information. By getting the information on exact position it means one can be able to conduct their sales with more precision. This is because delivery date is predictable on approximation. Finally, the disadvantages faced are also to be found in the other systems. The man power required is same as in the other systems and use of computers is also to be found in the freight forwarders while being substituted by cell phones in ocean carriers systems. Reference: Buxbaum P. A, 2007. Port Equipment and Technology – Tracking Last Mile Data. http://www. bawtc. com/tradenews-details-asp? partnerID=ArticleID=13317

Struktura Inc Essay Example for Free

Struktura Inc Essay * Struktura, Inc. (SI) is a corporation owned by ALCO Group of Companies. * SI is practically a machine shop that manufactures car air-conditioners for Karkon others, steel frames for PGSEP and die casting needs of electronic companies. * 1987 Sales amounted P1. 32M of which roughly 72% are derived from other companies of ALCO. * PGSEP is also testing the solar home system (SHS), a stand-alone photovoltaic energy generation unit suited for a single household. SHS unit come in two variants: the 28 watt-peak (wp) and the other is 50wp. The components of SHS, except for the solar panels, were locally available. * PGSEP will be terminated by the year-end and is worried that their efforts in propagating the technology would be useless unless it identified a group to commercialize the project. * PGSEP invited Antionio Co, SI owner to inspect SHS and examine the possibility of commercializing SHS. PGSEP’s contract with the Philippine government disallowed PGSEP from commercializing the venture. * PGSEP Director offered Mr. Co the services of PGSEP staff if the latter will agree to making Burias community as the pilot phase. In 1987 there were 3. 3 million un-electrified households of which around 387,000 â€Å"un-electrified† households were living in Region V. * Mr. Co told his consultant that SHS is categorized as SI project and requested him to come up with recommendation Statement of the problem The company is considering whether or not to diversify its operations by venturing to assemble and market SHS units to un-electrified households of the country starting in Burias, Masbate wherein 120 customers are already on the waiting list. Objective * SI should analyze well the viability of the SHS project to Burias community and its potential acceptance to other un-electrified rural areas in the country considering that SHS is an emerging product. SI should come up with a thorough and objective project feasibility study.

International marketing activities

International marketing activities International marketing activities are interlinked with a firms corporate goals, objectives and strategy. The overall aims, objectives and strategy of a firm has a great impact on international marketing decisions e.g, whether to enter new uncertain markets and how maximum would be risk that the firm is ready to take or the level of control required over international operations. There is no denying in fact that a persons self reference criterion (SRC) and an associated ethnocentrism are a two primary obstacles to success in international marketing self reference criteria is defined as an unconscious reference to ones own cultural values, experiences and knowledge as a basis for decisions. Ethnocentrism is closely connected to self reference criteria .It can be defined as the nations that ones own culture or company knows best how to do things. Ethnocentrism has been seen particularly a problem in the American managers at the beginning of the 21st century just because of Americas dominance in the world economy during the late 1990s. Ethnocentrism exists in the firms where the managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets which are less affluent. Understanding and dealing with the self reference criteria are two of the most important facets in international marketing. Even though self reference criteria and ethnocentrism provides the ability to firm to understand better a foreign markets in its true light. It is essential for eastern and western marketers to have a knowledge of their cross cultures because if any one from these is not aware, they may evaluate a marketing mix on their respective market experiences (their SRC) without knowing and fully appreciating the cultural differences attaining adaptation .Appropriateness of a domestically designed marketing for a international markets is also of vital importance because its evaluation can be badly effected by SRC. FOR EXAMPLE: (ESSO) ESSO, that is the brand name of gasoline was a successful name in the united states and apparently it would be considered less harmful enough for other foreign countries but if we see in Japan, the name phonetically means â€Å"stalled car† which is strange and is considered as undesirable image of petrol. For marketers to be successful in foreign markets, it is necessary for them to take time and they must know about culture, norms, tastes, traits and behavior of other markets (countries) and also to look beyond their own self reference criteria because this advantage will give them an golden opportunity to make their products or activities successful in cross-cultural or foreign markets. One of the best example of this is given below, FOR EXAMPLE: (Mc vities) A British chocolate biscuits (Mc vities) manufacturer (cookies in American English) used the same approach and got the positive result. The company wanted to introduced the chocolate biscuits (Mc vities) in Japan .So, the company ignored its self reference criteria and introduced the biscuits in different attractive packaging to accommodate the Japanese market, inspite of its real packaging .Thus, in Japan Mc vities were wrapped individually and packed in presentation card board boxes and they were sold in price three times higher than in UK. The cookies are used as special gifts in Japan. FOR EXAMPLE: (UNILEVER) Being a international company Unilever used the same approach in Brazil to introduced its soap which was cheaper enough for Brazilians to buy and more convenient to use. Unilever repackaged and reformulated its detergent for Brazilians ,one of the main reason was the lack of washing machines among poorer Brazilian also they washed their clothes in rivers, and the powder was packaged in plastic bag instead of paper which get soggy immediately. Another reason is that the people of Brazil are price conscious and they buy in small quantities. For their convenience and their affordability the soap was packaged in small, low price packages. FOR EXAMPLE: (Mc Donald) Mc Donald being internationally famous modifies its traditional big mac in India, where it is named as the Maharaja Mac. The burger features the two mutton patties .The reason to modify its meals was a beef. Cow is considered sacred in India and Indians don,t eat beef. Individual persons reference criteria can prevent that marketer from being aware of cross cultural differences but also from recognizing the importance of those differences, hence the result is failure. There should be clear awareness among the marketers that not every activity within a marketing program is different from one country to another county and most probably are more similar than differences. The apparent similarities together with ones self reference criteria often become the cause of international marketing problems. Such a problem can be seen when the â€Å"Vicks† was introduced in Germany. The pharmaceutical companies in Europe introduce their products throughout the whole Europe simultaneously instead of country by country. The reason is that the pharmaceutical companies are familiar with the fact that there are deep-rooted national differences in how people think about health, diseases and their cure. It is the normal practice in United Kingdom and Holland tha t people prefer tablets when taking medicine, in Germany the injections are preferred .Same is the case with the causes of illness, Germans are more conscious and Obsessive about the heart and circulations and thats why the Germans are the Europes largest consumers of heart medicines. In UK, the doctors prefer to look for external agents and then they prescribes antibiotics while on other hand the people in central European countries first give preference to herbal treatments and hot and cold baths considering the antibiotics only as remedies of last resort. (source, Abstracted from Lynn payer, medicine culture New York Henry holt 1988, P.265) CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS: It can be defined as a type of analysis of across countries in which the data could be aggregated for each country and these aggregate statistics analyzed is called cross cultural analysis. (Naresh K.Malhotra, David F. Birks, MARKETING RESEARCH, THIRD EUROPEAN EDITION) In order to have a success and to avoid errors in business decisions the knowledgeable marketer will conduct a cross-cultural analysis and will design a frame that will enable him to isolate the self reference criteria influences and issues related to ethnocentrism. The following steps should be taken into account for such an analysis. Define the business problem or goal in home country cultural traits, habits and norms. Define the business problem or goal in foreign country cultural traits, habits or norms through consultation with natives of the target country also make no value judgement Isolate the SRC influence in th problem and examine it carefully to see how it complicated the problem. Redefine the problem without the influence of SRC and solve for the optimum business goal situation. The cross-cultural analysis approach requires an understanding of the culture of not only the foreign markets but also ones own national culture. CULTURE: Culture is always a collective phenomenon, because it is at least partially shared with people who live or lived within the same environment, which is where it was learned. It is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another â€Å"Culture is the sum of the values rituals, symbols, beliefs and thought processes that are learned, shared by the group of people and transmitted from generation to generation† According to Professor Geert Hofstede, culture is defined as the software of mind as it provides a guide for humans on how to think and behave: it is a problem solving tool. For a group of individuals or societies the culture works like a medium to deal properly in a system with problems and matters that relates them. Cultural difference has a great impact on the marketers especially for those who enter for first time to foreign markets. More deep knowledge will help the marketers to notice cultural differences in new markets and to get solutions for changes that occur in future. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE: There are four major significant elements of culture which are as followed. Language Institutions Material productions Symbolic productions Language has played a prominent role in the history of every country and culture of those different countries. Linguist and anthropologist Benjamin Lee Whorf who is a chemical engineer working for a fire insurance company has spent a time on tracing the origins and grammar of American Indian language also he is a author of seminal and controversial hypothesis or whorf-sapir hypothesis. Whorf defends the idea that language that we learn in the respective community where we are born and raised, shapes and structure our world view and our social behavior. Institutional elements are a main bone of the cultural process. The institutions may be the family as well as political institutions or it can be any kind of social organization within which the individual has to work in accordance with rules in exchange for various rewards. In most cultures the first social institutions varies e.g, church, mosque, shirne or temple. As far as the international marketing is concerned the religion has a great impact on culture, so marketers with little or no understanding of cross- cultural religions should take time and think beyond the aspects of their national cultures. The Islamic religion is a good example of the need for a basic understanding of all major religions. The material production range from physical productions as well intellectual productions, artistry and service, these include tools, machines, factories, paper, books, instruments and media of communication, food clothing, ornaments etc. Media is one of the social institutions that most effectively influence the values and norms of any culture Symbolic and sacred elements are the basis for the description o the relations between the physical and the metaphysical world. Productions of culture can not be described only by their physical attributes, as they always comprise of some certain symbolic or sacred dimension. There is no denying in fact that the duties and the roles of the status positions found within a society are badly affected by the dictates of social institutions. FOR EXAMPLE: The election of low caste Hindus in India which were once called an â€Å"untouchable† as the president made international news because it was such a departure from traditional Hindu culture. Similarly, brushing against an untouchable or even starring or looking at one was considered enough to humiliate or insult a Hindu of high status. Since its been a long time that the caste system had been outlawed but it is still a part of the Hindu culture. CULTURE VALUES: The seminal work by Geert Hofstede has contributed a lot in relation to cultural values. After studying more than 90.000 people in 66 countries he concluded that cultures of the nations studied differed in four primary dimensions, also the wide variety of business and consumer behavior patterns are associated with three of four dimensions. Those four dimensions are as followed. Power distance Index (PDI) Uncertainity avoidance Index (UAI) Individualism/ collective Index (IDV) Masculinity/Femininity Index (MAS) Individualism or collective index focuses on self orientation Power distance index focuses on authority orientation Uncertainity avoidance index focuses on risk orientation Masculinity or femininity index focuses on assertiveness and achieveness. CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE : Cultural knowledge are of two types Factual knowledge Interpretive Knowledge The factual knowledge is obvious and must be learned .Different traits, colors and tastes local to a culture are some important facts that a marketer can study in details The interpretive knowledge can be defined as the knowledge or an ability to understand and to admire fully the characteristics, values of different cultural traits and patterns . Apart from other things the marketers should have a spirit of appreciation of how cultures change and accept or reject new ideas.

Things Fall Apart :: essays research papers

Truman Capote was first introduced to the story of the brutal killing of the Clutter family one morning in November of 1959, while flicking through The New York Times, I encountered on a deep inside page, this headline: Wealthy Farmer, 3 of Family Slain? (Capote, 3). He decided to write about the crime committed in Kansas, because ?murder was a theme not likely to darken and yellow with time? (Capote, 3). Capote promptly headed for Kansas, where he spent six years researching, solving, and writing about the unforgivable act. Truman Capote?s In Cold Blood, the final product of his years of research, is a masterfully written account of the cold-blooded murder of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas in 1959. In writing In Cold Blood, Capote presents the blood-curdling story of the brutal killing of the Clutter family in a journalistic style, and is able to exclude his point of view on all of the events; ?The most difficult thing in In Cold Blood is that I never appear in it, but I sol ved it?The whole thing was done from Al Dewey?s point of view? (Newsweek, 60). Because of Capote?s immeasurable talent for writing, he is able to present factual events, just as in a journalistic article, in a style that seems similar to a fiction novel. His focus in In Cold Blood is on the facts of the events which occur before, during, and after the murder of Mr. Clutter; Kenyon, his fifteen year old son; Nancy, his 16 year old daughter; and, Bonnie, his wife. Capote?s emphasis on the facts can be seen through his thorough account of what the murderers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, took from the Clutter?s house, which was about thirty dollars from Mr. Clutter?s billfold, some change and a dollar or two? (239) from Mrs. Clutter, a silver dollar from Nancy, and a radio. Added up, Perry and Dick gained ?between forty and fifty dollars? (246) from their visit to the Clutter?s house. As well as being written in a journalistic style, In Cold Blood is written in a documentary style, whi ch switches back and forth from the worlds of the Clutter family, and later of the Kansas Bureau of Investigation, to the terrible half-world in which the two murderers live? (McCabe, 561). By writing in the documentary style, Capote is able to be specific about the thoughts, feelings, and actions of all of the characters separately, making each character?

Euthanasia Essay - Concerns About Euthanasia -- Euthanasia Physician A

  Ã‚   A medical examiner from Oakland County, Michigan and three researchers from the University of South Florida have studied key characteristics of 69 patients whose suicides were assisted by Jack Kevorkian between 1990 and 1998. Their findings are published in the December 7 New England Journal of Medicine. Autopsies show that only 25 percent of Kevorkian's clients were terminally ill when he helped them kill themselves. "Seventy-two percent of the patients had had a recent decline in health status that may have precipitated the desire to die." However, "no anatomical disease was confirmed at autopsy" in 5 of the 69 people. In light of the generally lower rate of suicide among women, it was notable that 71% of these patients were women. Persons who were divorced or never married were over-represented among Kevorkian's clients, "suggesting the need for a better understanding of the familial and psychosocial context of decision making at the end of life" [L. Roscoe, J. Malphurs, L. Dragovic, and D. Cohen, "Dr. Jack Kevorkian and Cases of Euthanasia in Oakland County, Michigan, 1990-1998," Correspondence, 343 New England Journal of Medicine 1735-6 (Dec. 7, 2000)].    Numerous studies have established that the Americans most directly affected by the issue of physician-assisted suicide -- those who are frail, elderly and suffering from terminal illness -- are also more opposed to legalizing the practice than others are:    * A poll conducted for the Washington Post on March 22-26, 1996, found 50% support for legalizing physician-assisted suicide (Washington A18) Voters aged 35-44 supported legalization, 57% to 33%. But these figures reversed for voters aged 65 and older, who opposed legalization 54% to 38%. Majo... ... suicide: attitudes and experiences of oncology patients, oncologists, and the public." 347 The Lancet 1805 (June 29, 1996):1809    Humphry, Derek. "What's in a word?" Euthanasia Research & Guidance Organization 1993, Table 1-A.    Koenig, Dr. Harold et al.. "Attitudes of Elderly Patients and their Families Toward Physician-Assisted Suicide." 156 Archives of Internal Medicine 2240 (Oct. 28, 1996)    Lee v. Oregon, 891 F.Supp. 1429 (D. Or. 1995), vacated on other grounds, 107 F.3d 1382 (9th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 328 (1997).    "Poll Shows More Would Support Law Using Gentler Language," TimeLines (Jan.-Feb. 1994):9    Washington v. Glucksberg, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 2262 n. 7 (1997. -- -- --. 117 S. Ct. at 2272, quoting United States v. Rutherford, 442 U.S. 544, 558. 1979.    Washington Post, April 4, 1996.

Organizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation

Today’s organization because of global competition and cost cutting had lead to great changes in the organizations leading to greater effect of organizational behaviors. Some organizations are losing employees to other organizations and some employees are losing their efficiency due to the lack of job satisfaction, or due to stress and/or due to lack of motivation, or combination of many factors. Colquitt et al has described various factor effecting employees and its organizations in organizational behaviors, 2nd edition. Controlling stress and self motivating is very important to achieve goals, and when goals are met moral is elevated. Job satisfaction leads to organizational commitment and job performance. Almost every organization faces some kind of brain drain when an employee leaves the organization. Human resource management and managers have developed many strategies to understand employees and their problems, to improve organizational behaviors by providing trainings to employees related to organizational commitment and engagement, as organizational commitment leads to better job performance and job satisfaction, which leads to better quality of product or service, which leads to more customers and growth in revenue. For an employee, job satisfaction may mean many things like good pay, frequent promotions, enjoyable coworkers, work, authority/status, moral cause, environment, etc (Colquitt et al. , 2010). An employee with high job satisfaction will have high positive feeling for the work and organization, and will have high motivation also. When an employee is motivated, attains job satisfaction consecutively performs better. Work related and non-work related stresses have an effect on organizational behavior. An employee has to control stress and reduce the strains caused by stress to take a better judgment and decisions. Every generation has been demanding something from its people, with time people also became very challenging and people who thrived and succeeded had always been role models for many ambitious leaders. Today’s work place has became more challenging as business is no more concentrating to a small group of people or region, rather businesses are done more globally, across continents targeting wide variant of people. Today’s organizations are facing more competition, has to deliver more quality and quantity for less cost is putting its management and employees on the edge to provide demanding work. Employees who are motivated work hard to meet the goals, when the goals are met their job satisfaction level increases. Last year I was working in a multinational company and their primary business was related to telecommunications and data hauling over optical fiber. Most of my projects and applications are supporting manufacturing and operations of the organizations, whose manufacturing was spread across mainly in USA, China and Thailand. Our team size was ten employees reporting to a manager. Every employee in the team was very happy, enjoyed the work, and took ownership of the project, worked with full commitment. On an average, every employee in the team was with the company for at least 5 years. Senior most employees in the team was working with the same organization for 13 years and youngest was 2 years. Even though every employee was committed to their work, had job satisfaction in various factors, few employees were stressed out and had negative satisfaction with regards to unfair promotions. As few employees felt that the manager was biased and showing favoritism to one of the employee, demoralized employee who were with the company, team for longer time. Even though every employee was very committed, showed high degree of job performance due to unfair promotions and due to lack of growth opportunity, it demoralized employees, forcing to either quit or underperform or just do the given job rather than deriving the best for the organization. What I noticed over the period is an employee who had stayed in the company for less than two years have high commitment, engagement, job satisfaction and moral anticipating that his work will be recognized some day and rewarded. In the case on employees who are more than two (2) and less than five (5) ears tend to lose their commitment, job satisfaction and moral as what they have anticipated never met or addressed. In our case, as in my team for more than five to eight years there was no promotions neither growth track nor visibility. During that time, when the manager showed favoritism by providing high visible projects and tasks to one employee while demoralizing that others are not capable to do the task, had deeply wounded and demoralized team spirit and motivation. After dragging feet for a while few employees either left and few just underperformed and continued to work for various other reasons. Few employees including me, confronted the manager and raised objection for not providing proper growth opportunity, as there was no improvement in the situation, unable to stay there at the same time, unable to underperform, I applied for different organizations and quit the company. For an employee job satisfaction can mean in many ways, for few high pay means job satisfaction, for few promotions and recognition, for few if their supervisor is polite and good, for few if their coworkers at work are friendly and helpful, for few if they like the work they do may bring job satisfaction (Colquitt et al. 010). According the Job characteristics theory, variety, identity, significance, autonomy and feedback play a vital role in job satisfaction as in the new job workplace, when I ask senior most employees who are with the company for more than twenty five years, their response is similar opportunity to switch to different tasks after few years, identity and engagement, significance and importance of the work and employee, freedom and independence to perform work and finally feedback and employee appreciation from managers and customers. It would be difficult to satisfy every factor to hundred percent but if every factor is addressed to a degree at least will lead to job satisfaction. The job responsibility puts an employee into stressful situation. If roles are conflicting or very ambiguous, it will lead into very stressful situation. If roles are conflicting, there can be a possibility of hurting the coworker and other team members, as in my case because of role conflict and ambiguity, confusion started among coworkers and ultimately the task was delayed and deliverables were delayed due to improper handling and uplication of work. To avoid coworker misunderstandings roles has to be very well defined to avoid conflicts and ambiguity. Motivation is very important for anything, our team was very motivated, took ownership of every project, worked to resolve the issue and did not wait for direction. Freedom to perform the task and utilizing the available resources primarily motivated the team. The company provided convenient if necessary hundred percent tele-working facility, employee can work almost from home that motivated few more than anything. Due to current recession, stable job motivates few employees and more pay sometimes satisfies and motivates. I like goal setting theory, as small goals will direct and drive to big goal. Working in IT for long time, I was able to complete entire project by breaking the project into small pieces and completing one piece at a time. Based on my experience, I think goal setting theory is the best and will provide step by step approach to the final goal. Organization and managers have to work with employees to understand the emotions of the employee, understand strong points, and understand the weak areas of the employee. Every employee may not be an expert in all areas. It is the responsibility of manager to use the resources properly. If a manager doesn’t utilize the resources properly then it will create a role conflict and stress related to work and coworkers. Employees have to communicate with managers and open the dialog, express the issues. Managers have to consider employees suggestions or issues and try to resolve the issues. It would be difficult to address all issues, but honest opinion and honest no is far better than political statements. Organizations have to provide required trainings and periodically conduct surveys to understand the trend of the employees thoughts and organizational commitment. Organization losing an employee is a lose for both employee and organization and not just for one. Employee has to rebuild the trust in the new organization, learn the business and gain knowledge and for organization has to have to hire a new suitable employee and train the employee to perform the job. Organizational commitment is very important and to achieve high level of organizational commitment employee has to have high level of job satisfaction and job performance. High job performance will lead to good recognition. Good recognition will lead to high job satisfaction. As an employee’s keeps attaining recognition their motivation will be high to take more job responsibility. Even though job satisfaction means many things to many employees, ultimately job satisfaction leads to job commitment. In the present world, due to recession employees are very demoralized because of many rounds of layoffs, outsourcing. HR and organizations are frequently conducting surveys and employee meetings to update the status of the company, which will help employees to open a dialogue and express their concerns to their managers. Managers have to provide an honest opinion and try to resolve the issue. Organization commitment is very important for organization and employee.

James K. Baxter

James K Baxter expresses his thoughts and judgements using natural settings of his pasts. In Baxter’s poems, Rocket Show and Wild Bees, he comments about his boyhood, nature and how it taught him in life. In the poem wild bees, Baxter talks about a situation when he and his friends go out to smoke a beehive one evening to get the honey from it. The very simple language makes it easy for the reader to understand Baxter’s thoughts and judgements. The illusion of a ‘safe Ophelia ‘shows us knowledge of the great Shakespearean tragedy. Where Ophelia, Hamlets girlfriend, went mad before drowning in a lake. Then he describes the bees as they are working in ‘passionless industry’. The language features such as similes and metaphors put him on the same level as the reader so that it becomes easier for him to understand his thoughts and feelings. Similes like wild bees as â€Å"(swift as tigers)† embodies the way bees are known as being fast and dart about. Also included in this description is a comparison to tigers which gives the reader a feeling that the bees are fierce and hazardous. Powerful and meaningful metaphors such as ‘their sentries saw us’ and the ‘wounded sky’ also captures our imagination. The wounded sky creates the impression of the red sky and that he is waiting for dark, so they can smoke the bees out. After smoking the bees out of the hive, he realizes that it was a terrible thing to do and he believes that tragedies can exist on a small scale as well. But he lifts the scale high up when he talks about the destruction of Carthage by Rome and Troy by Greece. The poem Rocket Show is about a fireworks display held on an Otago beach. In many of Baxter’s poems he describes his inner feelings using natural settings around him. The simile ‘love grows like a crocus bulb in winter’ explains that love is very tender in its early stages and is very vulnerable to damage and therefore needs to be looked after and nurtured. The poem compares a rocket and a love relationship, the words expressed in the poem implying that just as a rocket dies out after its flight, a love relationship ends its cycle, and when one cycle ends another one begins and so the cycle continues. Baxter talks how the crowd has trampled the grass under their feet and there is no space to move around. Two examples of alliteration-‘Fireworks Flare†¦ ’strident surf’- fully describe the ambience of the beach. The simile ‘like self-destroying flowers on slender stems’ is taken from nature again along with the ‘ardent showers’. Then Baxter talks about the Rosetta stone being blind whereas it was the key to understanding a lost civilisation. The last simile ‘mad as the polar moon’ sums up the fact that the human heart is unpredictable just like the polar moon and cannot be understood, as it is illogical. Overall this essay has explained the meaning of the poems Wild Bees and Rocket show it has also given allusions to some of the many language techniques such as metaphors, similes and alliteration that Baxter has used in his surroundings around him in his poems which have enabled him to recount experiences of his youth and past.

Guide to Tailoring

What you have to keep in mind are the characteristics of a tailored garment, what a jacket always has: a rolled collar, lining, a straight-cuffed sleeve, and a lapel (which is the front of a coat; a continuation of the collar). After understanding what a tailored garment always includes, being familiar with the quality of standards always helps. First off, it should be fashionable and have an attractive fit on you. Having the proper waistline, length, sleeve fullness, and sleeve length appropriate for you and your style. The jacket should fit smoothly over your undergarments but have an appropriate amount of ease for the body movement; making sure that the neckline and the armholes fit your body without gapping or straining. Dart and design details should be properly placed as well as the shoulder length, unless your pattern calls for a dropped shoulder. Besides the fabric, choosing a pattern may be one of the trickiest parts because of the many styles and trends out there. Avoid styles that you have never worn before, choosing one that suits you in a flattering style, length, and fit and select a pattern designed for tailoring, Make sure to buy the same size your normally would because companies already add in the ease for people sewing with heavy or thick fabrics. If you want to be extra cautious you can add â€Å"in-case† seams on the existing pattern. There are other fitting techniques and alterations you can do if your jacket doesn’t fit right. If it is too big, you can include or increase the size of the darts, fold out excess fullness/fabric to make an area smaller, redraw darts and/or seam lines, or slash and overlap the fabric to decrease dimensions. If your jacket is too small, you can slash and spread the fabric to increase dimensions, decrease the size of the darts or take them out altogether, or just add fabric. Although if your jacket is too small, it may not have the desired look that you want after the alterations, so be careful. Lastly is the fabric, another hard part. The very first thing that you want to do is choose a fabric that is appropriate for the style you have chosen. You want a fabric that is heavy enough to give your garment body and shape but one that can also be molded (can be tailored easy). Be aware of fabric nap (so stripes/prints/patterns). You can use these fabrics but make sure you buy enough so that everything matches. Keep in mind that when all the fabrics are put together, you want your garment to look natural and not to stiff.

Nature of Evil in Othello

The Nature Of Evil In Othello The Nature of Evil in Othello William Shakespeare’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the â€Å"villain† or â€Å"protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Corruption overcomes the Venetian society as Iago uses his crafty skills of deceit. The plan to have Othello turn against the ones he loves is the perfect example of evil’s nature. The power struggle is evident between these two. This situation is the start to Iago’s plan to corrupt the society and take Othello’s place. The root of Iago’s â€Å"evil† is jealousy indeed, in turn changing into a power hungry manipulator. Iago is tired of acting like one â€Å"courteous and knee-crooking knave† like he always appears to be [I. i. 46]. Since Iago is reluctant to choose to be a master, he is the servant that bites off the fame and â€Å"keep yet their hearts attending on themselves,† still showing his service to his master but instead is more self-preserving with no attachments at all towards the master [I. i. 52]. Irony is used diligently in Shakespeare’s unique language style. Referred by Othello as â€Å"honest Iago†, the irony is very evident in this title. Iago is everything but honest but this proves how easily led and manipulated Othello is. The traits Iago possess are unexpected to a normal villain. He comes across as charming and smart, he can also be referred to a wolf in sheep’s clothing. For example, he knows Roderigo is in love with Desdemona and figures that he would do anything to have her as his own. Iago says about Roderigo, â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. † [I iii. 355,] By playing on his hopes, Iago is able to conjure money and jewels from Roderigo, making himself a profit, while using Roderigo to further his other plans. He also thinks stealthy on his feet and is able to improvise whenever something unexpected occurs. When Cassio takes hold of Desdemona's hand before the arrival of the Moor Othello, Iago says, â€Å"With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. † [II, i, 163] This language demonstrates the evil inside Iago’s goals of retrieving absolute power. He actually even says of himself, â€Å"I am an honest man†¦. † [II, iii, 245]    Iago slowly corrupts the character’s thoughts, creating ideas in their minds without implicating himself. His â€Å"medicine works! Thus credulous fools are caught†¦. † [II, i, 44] â€Å"And what's he then that says I play the villain, when this advice is free I give, and honest,† [II, iii, 299] says Iago. In turn, people rarely stop to consider the fact that old Iago could be deceiving and manipulating them; yet they are convinced that he is â€Å"Honest Iago. † From these quotes from â€Å"Othello† it is proven that the dialogue used between Iago and the others is manipulative causing an evil outcome. Iago’s complexity in character grows as the play comes closer to a conclusion. The tricky and crafty way Shakespeare uses the evil in Iago is to make him seem amoral as opposed to the typical immoral villain. At the climactic end of the play, Iago's plot and plan is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago kills his wife seeing her as a non entity to his vicious foresight. He kills her not out of anger but for more pragmatic reasons. She served no purpose to him anymore and she can now only hurt his chances of keeping the position he has been given by Othello. Iago's black hearted taking of Emilia's and Roderigo's lives is another proof of his amorality. The root of all evil stems from some would say money, but in this case it is power. To drive Iago to get the power he wants, he is fueled by jealousy. The way jealousy affects the other characters is uncanny. Othello is led down the same path as Iago which is exactly what he wants. The other characters all play off Iago’s misfortunes in turn making Iago’s manipulative plan a success. â€Å"Divinity of hell! When devils will their blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenly shows, as I do now. †(II, iii, 348) This is the first quote that it is evident Iago is jealous. He is the voice of jealousy in its entirety, giving way to the evil deeds that drive the play. There is a counter argument to the fact whether Iago is truly â€Å"evil.    In Richard Grant’s, Studies in Shakespeare, describes the dual aspects of the character of Iago, whose external demeanor is characterized by warm sympathy for his friends and apparent trustworthiness among his peers, but whose real and inner nature is amoral, heartless, and entirely self-interested. The fact that Iago was the youngest out of the group of characters, Grants theory on Iago’s evil nature i s that he adapted it by consciously adopting it. â€Å"Brave, and a good soldier, he was also of that order of ability which lifts a man speedily above his fellows. His manners and his guise were of a dashing military sort; and his manner had a corresponding bluntness, tempered, at times, by tact to a warm-hearted effusiveness, by the very tact which prompted the bluntness. † [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 258-79] Grants theory can twist the minds of what Iago has always been thought of to be. The typical villain is taken as something else in this scenario. Being in the military, in is in Iago’s nature to make his way to the top. His actions may not have been particularly â€Å"evil†, but yet understood. Another excerpt from Grants theory, â€Å" All the principal personages of the tragedy, Desdemona and Cassio included, thus regard him; although Cassio, himself a soldier, is most impressed by Iago's personal bravery and military ability. In speaking of him, he not being present, the lieutenant calls him the bold Iago, and in his presence says to Desdemona that she may relish him more in the soldier than in the scholar,† [II. i. 75, 165-66] [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 234] further explains how the soldier instinct in Iago has replaced his demeanor rather than â€Å"evil. The sheer importance of the character Iago is immense. The theory of Iago being â€Å"evil† or just jealous of a military position is up for debate. The interesting fact about Shakespeare’s characters is the relation they have in real life. As Grant explains, â€Å"In Iago Shakespeare has presented a character that could not have escaped his observat ion; for it is of not uncommon occurrence except in one of its elements, utter unscrupulousness. But for this, Iago would be a representative type, representative of the gifted, scheming, plausible, and pushing man, who gets on by the social art known as making friends. This man is often met with in society. Sometimes he is an adventurer, like Iago, but most commonly he is not; and that he should be so is not necessary to the perfection of his character,† [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] you can see the relations Iago has to a specific stereotype of a person in the real world. In another excerpt, â€Å"Thus far Iago's character is one not rare in any society nor at any time. Yet it has been misapprehended; and the cause of its misapprehension is the one element in which it is peculiar. Iago is troubled with no scruples, absolutely none. He has intellectual perceptions of right and wrong, but he is utterly without the moral sense. He has but one guide of conduct, self-interest. [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] Grant explains how Iago is just lacking moral sense. He may not in fact be â€Å"evil† at all. He can simply just be greedy and envious in result of not gaining the position in the military. â€Å"Iago, however, had no thought of driving Othello to suicide. Far from it. Had he supposed the train he laid would have exploded in that catastrophe; he would at least have sought his end by other means. For Othello was necessary to him. He wanted the lieutenancy; and he was willing to ruin a regiment of Cassios, and to cause all the senators' daughters in Venice to be smothered, if that were necessary to his end. But otherwise he would not have stepped out of his path to do them the slightest injury; nay, rather would have done them some little service, said some pretty thing, shown some attaching sympathy, that would have been an item in the sum of his popularity. There is no mistaking Shakespeare's intention in the delineation of this character. He meant him for a most attractive, popular, good-natured, charming, selfish, cold-blooded and utterly unscrupulous scoundrel. † (pp. 333-34) [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] This excerpt further explains Iago’s nature being exactly how Shakespeare intended yet a little different than what the average reader would think of him. The nature of evil is strictly evident as the play comes to an end, yet it is viewed as an opinion or a theory whether Iago is truly â€Å"evil. † Ironically, Iago’s words speak louder than his actions, proving how legitimate Shakespeare’s use of language for the character was. This dynamic use of language is significant because it can alter the thought of the reader whether Iago was truly evil or just using military tactics to better him. Iago and his use of language set the main plot for every characters outcome.

A StreetCar Named Desire

Hence, blacks mingle with whites, and members of different ethnic groups play poker and bowl together. Stanley, the son of Polish immigrants, represents the changing face of America. Williamss romanticizing is more evident in his portrayal of New Orleans as a city where upper-class people marry members of the lower class, fghts get ugly but are forgotten the next day, and the perpetual bluesy notes of an old piano take the sting out of poverty. The play immediately establishes Stanley and Blanche as polar opposites, with Stella as the link between them. Stage directions describe Stanley as a virulent character whose chief pleasure is women. His dismissal of Blanches beauty is therefore significant, ecause it shows that she does not exude his same brand of carnal desire. On the other hand, Blanches delicate manners and sense of propriety are offended by Stanleys brutish virility. Stanleys qualities†variously described as vitality, heartiness, brutality, primitivism, lust for life, animalistic†lead him over the course of the play into an unrelenting, unthinking assault on the already crumbling facade of Blanches world. Blanche comes across as a frivolous, hysterical, insensitive, and self- obsessed individual as she derides her sisters lesser social status and doesnt xpress Joy at seeing Stella so in love. Blanche, who arrives in New Orleans having lost Belle Reve and having been forced to leave her Job, exudes vulnerability and emotional frailty. Stanleys cocky interactions with Blanche show him to be insensitive †he barely lets Blanche get a word in edgewise as he quickly assesses her beauty. Nevertheless, in this introduction, the audience is likely to sympathize with Stanley rather than Blanche, for Blanche behaves superficially and haughtily, while Stanley comes across as unpretentious, a social being with a zest for life. Stanleys entrance ith a package of meat underscores his primitive qualities. It is as if he were bringing it back to his cave fresh from the kill. His entrance also underscores the intense sexual bond between him and Stella, which is apparent to the other characters as well. Stanley yells Catch! as he tosses the package, and a moment later the Negro woman yells Catch what! Eunice and the Negro woman see something sexual, and scandalously hilarious, in Stanleys act of tossing the meat to a breathlessly delighted Stella. The name of the Kowalskis street underscores the extreme, opposing rchetypes that Stanley and Blanche represent. Elysian Fields is the name for the ancient Greek version of the afterlife. Stanley, the primitive, pagan reveller who is in touch with his vital core, is at home in the Elysian Fields, but the Kowalskis home and neighbourhood clearly are not Blanches idea of heaven. Blanche represents a society that has become too detached from its animal element. She is distinctly over civilized and has repressed her vitality and her sexuality. Blanches health and her sanity are Scene 2 Scene Two starts to move our sympathies away from Stanley as the more malignant spects of his character start to surface. Whereas Scene One stresses the sexual attraction that drew Stella and Stanley to one another despite class differences, Scene Two shows Stanley acting disrespectful to Stella and antagonistic to her sister. Meanwhile, our compassion for Blanche increases as Williams reveals Just how destitute she is by showing that all of her belongings in the world amount to a trunk full of gaudy dresses and cheap Jewellery. In one sense, Stanley and Blanche are fighting for Stella†each would like to pull Stella beyond the reach of the other. But their opposition is also more elemental. They are incompatible forces, manners versus manhood†and peace between them is no more than a temporary cease-fire. Blanche represents the Old Souths intellectual romanticism and dedication to appearances. Stanley represents the New Souths ruthless pursuit of success and economic pragmatism. When Stanley confronts Blanche after her bath, she shows that she understands the nature of their clash when she tells him that Stella doesnt understand him as well as she does. Calling upon the Napoleonic code enables Stanley to Justify his feelings of entitlement toward Stellas inheritance. In doing so, he shows that he is ignorant of legal technicalities, because Belle Reve, located in Laurel, Mississippi, wouldnt fall under New Orleans Jurisdiction. However, Stanleys repeated references to the Napoleonic code highlight the fact that his conflict with Blanche is also a gender showdown. Stanleys greed reveals his misogyny, or woman- hating tendencies. As a man, Stanley feels that what Stella has belongs to him. He also hates Blanche as a woman and as a person with a more prestigious family name, and therefore suspects that Blanches business dealings have been dishonest. Blanche takes the first of many baths in this scene. She claims that steaming hot baths are necessary to calm her nerves, a believable excuse given her constant hysteria. Yet Blanches constant need to wash her body symbolizes her need for emotional, spiritual, and mental cleansing. Her bathing foreshadows the eventual revelation of her sordid past. She desires to rid herself of her social blemishes and start over after leaving Laurel. Two mysteries from Scene One are solved in Scene Two. Blanche reveals the boy she spoke of at the end of Scene One to be her usband. She tells Stanley that she hurt her husband the way that Stanley would like to hurt her, warning him that his goal is impossible, since she is not young and vulnerable anymore. Blanche knew her husbands weakness and unfeelingly used that weakness to destroy him. Yet she is naive to think that Stanley wont be able to do the same thing to her. She would like to believe that her age and experience protect her against Stanleys callous assaults, but Stanley recognizes Blanches essential weakness. Also, Stellas revelation to the audience that she is pregnant when she asks Stanley not to mention h er pregnancy to Blanche) explains Blanches remark about Stellas weight gain, and Stellas refusal to discuss her weight gain with her sister.

Pathways to Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Pathways to Education - Essay Example The workforce sets off large and diverse; in one way or another, practically the whole society is connected with several form of institutionalized education. Education generally has been colored by the improved consideration that has been given to its financial and its wider social efficacy. However of particular interest is distinguishing movement of ideas, strategies and practices which has appeared during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Recognized variously as the new vocational grounding for working life, evolution from school to work or basically as vocational or technical education and training, this association has, in Britain and numerous other countries, been the basis of considerable and often controversial innovations in educational structures, content, methods and funding. "A main challenge is to recognize the education system, and it has engendered a growing volume of investigation and research, public policy plans, action in both the public and private areas of education, training and employment and sharp divisions amongst supporters and opponents" (Skilbeck, 1990). Pathways from education to working life are a generally defined vocationalisation that has been a common thread which runs across the education and, the employment policies of all country, whatever its level of growth, political system or geological location. The human capital theory in some form or other certainly long had extensive support across political and ideological boundaries: among them Adam Smith and Karl Marx theories are universal. The idea of education and training for creative work has played for long a considerable part in the Central European countries as it has worked in other parts of the world. Given the inevitability and the widely declared aim of reforming their economies, it is to be estimated that the development of education and training in these countries will keep a very strong vocational flavor, although on somewhat diverse ideological grounds. Today in typical industrialized countries education and training are fundamental to any programme of structural modification for the very obvious, reason that it is upon the educated and trained capability of the actors the people that the capability to redistribute and to put on from its benefits depends (Lauglo and Lillis, 1988; O'Dell, 1988). Bruce Raup and his co-workers long ago put it; 'the development of practical intelligence' is coming to be renowned as a main policy goal (Raup et al, 1943). In this respect, we have certainly pierced a new era. Whether conservative, full-time, paid employment for all or virtually all youth and young adults will persist to be conveyed by the advanced economies is a debatable point. It does not, though, vitiate the claims being made for ever higher levels of education and training, with grounding for work as one of the primary policy objectives. This new 'education era' is characterized not simply by a recognition of the need for what the OECD Ministers of Education referred to as "an excellence of education and training for all" (OECD, 1992a, 1992b 1992c). Comparability and precision of credentialed knowledge and skills across national limitations assume greater significance than ever before in the new Europe (Commission of the

Finance Essay on risk management and investment

Finance on risk management and investment - Essay Example Different methods of analysis, reconstruction will be used. The process will involve majorly looking at the different kind of risks inherent in the portfolio and determining ways on how to reduce the risk. Executive Summary The investor seeks to come up with a well-structured portfolio that will serve him the purpose of better returns in the future. The investor has identified seven stocks namely: Barclays, BP, Lloyd Banking, European FTS, ISHARES CHINA, EFTS CMOD SECS, MSCI BRAZIL, and TUI TRAVEL. The investor intends on investing in stock shares as his major line of returns. The portfolio seems diverse as it entails stocks from different regions. The shares are all have a fair volatility ranging from a minimum of 4% -13%.This is a major strength in the portfolio as the investor will be least faced by shares that are quite elastic. However, in my view, the investor poses as one who is a traditional investor. He selects only share stocks and avoids investing in other securities such as bonds. There arises a risk in investing shares; one can never tell the exact time to sell them off as predicting when such shares will appreciate becomes a hustle. At the same time, all these companies issue out dividends. For investor companies, investors prefer that they maintain their levels of dividends so that such monies can be used in investing in other opportunities that would profit the company. In reconstructing the portfolio, I t will involve looking at the risk levels associated with the different kind of stocks and look into eliminating the least favourable ones either through statistical analysis or by going by what the market proposes. While analysing the portfolios past performance, it will entail looking at how the individual stocks performed. Our portfolio is composed of equity based investments. This will entail looking at how the individual shares performed in the industry and across other stocks. In our case, our cut-off date will be on January 1 ,2020 for th e purpose of buying stocks. Barclays With Barclay’s stock, the return on equity has decreased significantly over the years from 23.41% to 5.65% in year 2009 through to year 2011.This means that the company has been making low returns over the years or has very high operational costs. At the same time, the company could be having very high equity levels. The price per share for the company is quite low at 2.51, meaning that it is not a very favourite stock among investors or alternatively, the investors foresee a likelihood of the prices going up. It’s good to note that the company’s volatility is a bit high at 10%.This means that the stock is likely to affect a large investor upon any change in the market conditions. The earnings per share has also increased over the years from 25.1 to 35.9 from year 2010 to 2012.This is a very positive remark for the investor as over the years they experience value for their money. The stock also pays out dividends to its share holders at the end of every financial year. This would be a good indication to a normal investor who looks into trading with shares. However, for the investor’s portfolio this would not be a positive move as the investor would view the company as failing in investment decisions. Usually, investors prefer companies that look to invest their funds in the most profitable investments, companies that can manage to increase their asset base too. The company floats only 87% of its shares and has an

Separation and anxieties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Separation and anxieties - Essay Example Approximately four to five percent of the children in US suffer from this disorder. The disorder is not sex-specific meaning that it affects both males and females equally. The disorder usually wears off during the teens or puberty however a small percentage of people still retain it. Separation anxiety is a natural phenomenon in babies that are of the age group two to four since that is the time when they need their parents’ constant attention. However as the children grow up and start to become a little independent, this feeling dies off. In some cases, the anxiety persists and hence results in this so called separation anxiety disorder. There are many symptoms which may point towards the presence of this order. Some of the most common ones include not going to school or bed without the parents or a caretaker. Also there is a persistent fear in the minds of these children that something bad will happen to the guardian if they are separated from them which causes them to cry or act in a very hyper manner. Separation anxiety disorder has multiple origins. The most obvious being some mental distress or trauma that a child has gone through like an accident or a death in the family. However many a times the parents themselves are responsible for this condition. Sometimes the anxiety is mutual and a greater contribution comes from the side of the parents who refuse to let go of their children alone. Children whose parents are over protective have a greater likelihood of suffering from the separation anxiety disorder. The disorder is also thought to have genetic origins and it is said that parents who suffer or suffered from separation anxiety have a greater probability of having children who have to go through the same thing. During normal conditions the separation anxiety symptoms usually subside when the child gets assured that the parents

Autoethnography Essay on Tattoo's Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Autoethnography on Tattoo's - Essay Example It was like having your own art studio with you all the time! It was the coolest thing for me. Finally, the much awaited day came. I was all grown-up and â€Å"licensed† to have a tattoo of my own. While I was on vacation in Las Vegas, I went to Hart and Huntington Ink, a tattoo art studio in Hard Rock Hotel and Casino. I had two tattoos made, one in each forearm. One forearm has the word â€Å"strength† written on it and on the other forearm, â€Å"honor† was written. I realized on that day that having a tattoo means having to undergo pain. It was painful! But that is the price one pays if he wants to be â€Å"artistic†. When I came back from my vacation I felt I was now a â€Å"real man† with real tattoos. But my parents thought otherwise. They were surprised to see the tattoos and got really mad at me. They said that I look so dirty and that people will mistake me as being an ex-convict, a drug addict and a gang member. They also warned me not to go anywhere near my grandparents else they suffer a heart attack. My younger brother thought it was so cool and told me he could not wait to get his own. When I went to visit my girlfriend that evening, she admired it. She said that I looked manlier now and that she was more attracted to me more than ever. She wished though that the next time I get one, I will have her name written on my chest. The following day at school, my teachers saw my tattoo and asked me if I just joined a gang. My friends however thought that it was very nice. So here I am all proud at having a tattoo yet I get different reactions from people closest to me. I was confronted with the problem of being stereotyped as a either a criminal or a macho man just because I have a tattoo. After graduation on my trip to Fruitland Idaho, I had another tattoo done on my arm sleeve at Angels Ink, a tattoo studio. This time I was more daring and had an angel, the Virgin Mary, a cross and a sparrow design. This tattoo hurt the most. I don’t know why but it may be because the person doing it was not really careful and he does not seem to mind whether I was suffering excruciating pain. All he wants is to get the tattoo done right away so he can attend to his other customers. Seeing these new tattoos, my parents were more outrageous this time. They said that it would be impossible for me to land a job if I have a tattoo. They said that companies do not accept men with tattoos because they have the impression that people with tattoos are violent and irresponsible. I was shocked at the very harsh words hurled to me by my parents just because of a tattoo. I thought, what harm can a tattoo do to a company’s profitability? The week after my family had a family reunion since it was the 85th birthday of my grandmother. I wore a T-shirt which flaunted all my tattoos. My parents wanted me to put a jacket on so that my other relatives would not see my tattoos. But when we arrived at my grandparentsâ €™ house, I had to remove my jacket because it was so warm. And lo and behold, my grandparents, aunties and uncles were stunned to see my â€Å"artwork†. My grandmother reprimanded my parents for allowing me to have tattoos. She said that it was a disgusting site and that it was bad for the reputation of the family. My auntie asked me since when did I become a hippie. But of course, my teenaged cousins marveled at them. They asked questions on whether it was painful, where I got it and how did I choose the designs. There was indeed a myriad of reactions for my tattoos. Instead of my grandmother

Exam on Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Exam on Business - Essay Example The research was based on the premise that both the layout and location of Ikea stores were indeed intentional, but only in so far as they serve the function of operations management to advance the strategic thrust of the firm. The strategic goal of Ikea is to provide quality furniture at reasonable cost; its target market includes people of all walks of life, particularly those who could not afford the high cost of conventional, ready-made furniture. Its product design employs knocked-down assembly type furniture which may be stored in compressed flat packs. The product design and manufacturing process are all intended to serve the principal philosophy behind Ikea – to reduce production costs while maintaining quality, and engaging the customer in the production process by leaving the assembly of the furniture to them. The location and layout of Ikea stores are but an extension of the production strategy. The flat pack design of the furniture assembly kits enables their stora ge in compressed areas; a system that facilitates quick location and identification of particular products supports the warehouse-type storage area adjacent to the show area. The store layout is consistent with the firm’s self-service philosophy, so customers decide on their choice of purchases in the show area and locate their own goods in the storage area. As mentioned in the report, the principal complaint of consumer groups is that Ikea’s layout forces customers to go through their entire display and entices them to make impulse purchases against their intentions. Research fails to substantiate this allegation, however. Customers who do not wish to buy anything are certainly not forced or intimidated into doing so. It just happens that visitors to Ikea usually find something else that they decided they needed or wanted. The layout therefore facilitates customers’ view of Ikea products to enable them to find what they may not have intended to purchase at the beginning, but which they considered they wanted to buy anyway. The layout helps customers decide what to purchase, it does not compel them to purchase – at least, not any more than any other store that markets retail merchandise. In the choice of location, principles of operations management require the consideration of the following factors: adequacy of market potential, accessibility to customers, potential for growth, business interception, attraction to customers, compatibility with surroundings, minimisation of competition, and site economics. Of these, the principal complaint of competitors has to do with the minimisation of competition. That this has been accomplished by Ikea’s entry into the locality is not disputed; the question is, whether it has been done ethically or not. Whether unethical practices were employed in getting local administrators to permit Ikea to open at their locations is not supported by proof, and to decide in this direction is prejudici al not only to the company but moreso to the local authorities. As far as the research uncovered, Ikea’s location in the locality afforded the immediate community or city significant advantages in terms of employment and access to reasonably priced goods and services. The location of

The Luggers versus the Butchers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Luggers versus the Butchers - Case Study Example dy clearly perform entirely different types of tasks but this does not mean that they should also be treated in a contrasting or a conflicting manner by those armed with managerial responsibilities. The managers at FMC tended to behave very strictly with the butchers but had close affiliation with the luggers on the other hand. The butchers were overworked and the luggers were not in anyone’s control. Such negative workplace attitudes reflect issues of inequity and injustice and research stresses that â€Å"organizational peace, communication and justice perception are very important factors in order to be successful† (Ince & Gul, 2011, p. 106). When employees are not treated equally and their concerns are not heard, they start losing their confidence and develop low self-esteems (Katcher & Snyder, 2007, p. ix; Ganster & Schaubroeck, 1991). That is why the unhappy butchers developed deep feelings of hatred and resentment for the management. â€Å"Organizations can avoi d having unhappy employees by successfully addressing their concerns† (Katcher, 2006). Organizational commitment is a valuable tool to mention here for the managers as a way of addressing the issues at FMC. This refers to the â€Å"relative strength of an individual’s identiï ¬ cation and involvement in a particular organization† (Steers, cited in Paik, Parboteeah, & Shim, 2007, p. 1770; Mowday, Porter, & Steers, 1982, p. 27) and it is widely believed that the more organizational commitment an employee has, the less are the chances of him/her leaving the organization. â€Å"Organizational commitment is cognitive assessment that reflects characteristics of the work environment† (Gelade, Dobson, & Gilbert, 2006, p. 543) which implies that the butchers had low commitment because the work environment in itself was degrading, unfair, and discriminatory. An employee’s commitment to the organization also related to the factor of leadership behaviors (Mathieu & Zajac, 1990, p. 171) which were especially low

Degrowth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Degrowth - Essay Example They believe that human dependence on non renewable sources is way too high right now which will eventually lead humanity to a dead end. They promote sustainable development, use of renewable source of energy and reduce our ecological imprint on Mother Nature. They are also against neocolonialism which leads to exploitation of third world countries by developed countries. Why degrowth? Whats wrong in growth? The meaning of growth in today’s capitalist world mean grow more, produce more, sell more and use more, all in order to make more money which is termed as growth. Countries also do bother about human development index (HDI) but are almost always sidelined when it comes to the focus on GDP and growth. This growth is only increasing the pace of life, and as the Indian revolutionary M K Gandhi said ‘there is more to life than just increasing its speed’ is so relevant now. It seems a simple idea of people working hard, earning money and spending on a good life sty le. Companies keep on developing new products for those people to better their life style. People work to earn to buy products which are developed by companies where people work. It’s a catch 22 position and an endless cycle. ... This growth if continued at current rate will exhaust the fossil fuels on the basis of which is thriving so fast. You thought Economic growth is solutions of problems? Is it the problem? Any sane person shall say that solutions to issues like starvation, housing, education, poverty, disease, health care and employment is economic growth. Countries who have achieved economic growth are called developed country and live a comfortable life, those who are struggling are called developing countries. Economic growth in western countries had lead to larger spending powers and hence larger consumption of products. Larger demand for these products leads to mass production of them in third world countries as labor and capital is cheap there. This leads to exploitation of developing countries and creates a divide between rich and poor in the society. Rich becomes richer, poor becomes poorer. Fossil fuels are fast depleting, there are wars between countries for crude oil and nuclear power. Hence fast economic growth in past few decades have increased the speed of the world so much, that growth itself has become the problem and rest of the real issues of education, poverty and food are side tracked. â€Å"Questioning growth is deemed to be the act of lunatics, idealists and revolutionaries. But question it we must. The myth of growth has failed us. It has failed the two billion people who still live on less than $2 a day. It has failed the fragile ecological systems on which we depend for survival. It has failed, spectacularly, in its own terms, to provide economic stability and secure people’s livelihoods.† as correctly said by Tim Jackson, Economies commissioner of the sustainable development commission, an independent advisory body to the

Christianity and Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Hinduism Essay I wanted to compare Hinduism to Christianity. I did not know anyone around here so I contacted a family member that lives in the Philippines. His wife’s family fallows Hinduism. I interviewed them over the Internet through video chat. That was very interesting. I had to have my family member translate to me somethings. But it was fun. I also have them write what they were answering to me. I e-mailed them the questions in advance so it would not be a shocker when I asked. I felt as if I was rude at times asking some of the questions. I kept apologizing and all they kept laughing at me. The interview was with Byra and Hansa Bose. Translation was Sandra and Justin Usry. Hinduism is generally regarded as the worlds oldest organized religion and the worlds third largest religion. Christianity is the largest religion in the world. Hinduism consists of thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BC. Most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic religions. They recognize a single deity and view other Gods and Goddesses as manifestations or aspects of the supreme God. Hinduism has about nine hundred and fifty million followers that is about fourteen percent of the worlds population. It is the dominant religion in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. Christianity was founded in the early 1st century AD. Christianity has around two billion followers. That is around thirty three percent of the world’s population. Hinduism is a constantly changing religion. It was not founded by a person or prophet. Hinduism is characterized by its beliefs in reincarnation. Hindus believe in one Supreme Being but in many Lords. There are said to be three hundred and thirty-three million Lords. The lords are perceived as divine creations of that one being. Hinduism views compose of three worlds, the physical universe, subtle astral, and the spiritual universe. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ. To be a Christian you have to believe only in Jesus and acknowledge him as your only savior. The Bible is the main source of the principles and values of Christianity. The Veda is the Hindu holy book. The Veda consist of four books; Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva. The books include over 100,000 verses.  The knowledge imparted by the Vedas ranges from earthy devotion to high philosophy. Christianity is an organized missionary religion. The Christian Church is divided into three major groups, the Roman Catholic Church, the Protestant Churches and the Orthodox Churches. Hinduism does not have a centrally controlling organization it has some ancient scriptures to guide it. That is a joke. Christianity believes that God created the world out of nothing. Hindus say that is not true. Nothing can come out of nothing. That everything has to exist from something. So Hindus think God created the world out of himself using the elements and qualities of his energy. Christians believes that God and men are different. God created man in His own image. The world and men exist separately from God. Hindus believe the whole universe is enveloped and inhabited by God. Hindus believes that the universe was created billions of years ago through a gradual process of materialization brought out by Prakriti and that the earth is just one world in a series of thousands of worlds. Christiani ty believes that the world was created a few thousand years ago over a period of seven days. That the earth is the center of the universe. Hindus do not believe in conversion of people. A person becomes a Hindu either by birth or through conscious that is by choice. Christians accepts conversion as a way of saving them from certain damnations. It is the responsibility and sacred duty of every Christian to save everyone who are not Christians by bringing them to Jesus. Hindus do not believe that you go to heaven or hell like Christianity rather they believe in the concept of Karma. Hinduism men are judged by their own karma. If you do badly in one life you have many more to work the bad karma off. The only way to get out of the cycle of life and death is to achieve true enlightenment. When a person achieves enlightenment he or she doesn’t go to heaven or hell, he or she is beyond heaven or hell. He or she would have become part of the entire universe. When enlightenment is reached they become part of God. Hindus believe that the death of a human being only extinguishes the bodily form of existences as the soul reincarnates in  another life form. They believe that a human being has it within his ability to attain Moksha, the final extrication of the soul, by applying the principles suggested by the scriptures. Christianity believes a person commits sin against God by bracken the ten commandments. If someone leads a life of sin without acknowledging God and without believing in Jesus, he will become a victim of the Devil and fall into temptation. If he is a true believer, God will save him and grant him an eternal life in heaven. It is the conduct of a person on earth that determines the person’s fate. A sinner can seek forgiveness of God and Jesus through repentance and submission and he will be forgiven according to the strength of his belief. On the Judgment Day all souls are resurrected and judged by God according to their actions on earth. Both Hinduism and Christianity believe in the eventual destruction of the world. However Hinduism does not believe in the permanent destruction of the world but in the repetitive nature of creation. There will be repetitive cycles of creation followed by destruction. In Christianity after that happens they reside either in the heaven or in hell eternally. Hindus worship a lot. They commonly worship shrines in three different environments, in temples, in the home, and in outdoor public spaces. Hindus believe that if proper care is not taken of a temples images, the deity will abandon the temple. Hence priests reside at the temple and take care of the gods needs. Priests perform puja at sunrise, noon, sunset, and midnight. For a layperson, however, visiting a temple every day or even regularly is not mandatory, and many devout Hindus worship at home. The essential aspect of puja is not congregational worship but an individuals offering to a deity. Worship in the home usually takes place daily. Christians will worship anywhere. However when they come together to worship they will usually come together in a church. Prayers are usually done before a meal and before bed. It can be done at any time whenever a Christian fills the need to pray. Some holidays that Hindus celebrate are Shivarathri The Night of Shiva† a festival celebrated in honor of Lord Shiva, Holi, Raksha Bandhan which is celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Sravan (August-September). It is one of the important Hindu festivals. Hindus who  wear a new holy thread offer their respects to the ancient Rishis by offering them water on this day. Telugu New Years is celebrated on the first day of the month of Chaitra (March-April).This is a happy day and is celebrated with great enthusiasm. This is New Years Day for the people of Andhra Pradesh and also the Telugu people all over the world. Navarathri is celebrated twice in a year, once it is celebrated in the month of Chaitra and then again in Aswayuja. It lasts for nine days in honor of the nine forms of goddess Durga. During Navaratri devotees of her observe a fast. Brahmins are given food and prayers are offered as it is believed that this provides protection of health and property. Ganesh Chaturthi is most popular of all Hindu festivals. It is the birthday of Lord Ganesha. It is the most sacred day for Lord Ganesha. It falls on the 4th day of fortnight called Bhadrapada. It is observed throughout India as well as by devoted Hindus in all parts of the world. Krishna Janmashtami is the birthday of Lord Krishna, who is the eighth Divine Incarnation. It is believed that Lord Krishna was born at midnight. Many people go on a twenty-four hour fast on this day, which is broken at midnight. Ramnavmi is the last one. Christianity has a lot of holidays too but the really important ones are Christmas Eve which is the day before Jesus Christ was born. Christmas Day is the day Jesus Christ was born. There is Ash Wednesday which derives its name from the practice of placing ashes on the foreheads of adherents. Doing this is a sign of mourning and repentance to God. When God was walking to be crucified there was a village that laid palm tree leaves down for him to walk on. When he left they burned them and that is where the ashes come from. It also starts Lent. During Lent, many of the faithful commit to fasting or giving up certain types of luxuries as a form of penitence. Good Friday, the passion or and death on the cross of the Lord, Jesus Christ. Easter is the day Jesus resurrected. Now let’s talk about food. Christians have no limitations to what they eat, but the Hindus do. They cannot eat onions or garlic. Onions and garlic cloud the mind with passion. I think that is funny. Also onions and garlic gives the breath an odor which offends Lord Krishna. Mushrooms cannot be eaten because they grow in dung and an unclean ground. Anything from a cow is forbidden. Cows are sacred. They are known as â€Å"the mother†. So they cannot  eat cheese, milk, butter, or any of the cow’s or cow’s meat. They also cannot eat pigs. Pigs are forbidden also. Vegetarianism is very common in the Hindu religion. About thirty percent of Hindus are Vegetarians. In conclusion I had a lot of fun learning about both these religions. I learned that Hindus have a lot of gods and pray a lot. I don’t think I could pray that much. Christianity only has one god that is thought to be three other things. I had a little trouble understanding that one. They both are very complex. They have many other religions that branch from them.